(a) Interpretation: It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system. Concept introduction: The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others. The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Expert Solution & Answer

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03:48

Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Answer 14

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Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Rain is falling on a poorly designed 150-m" flat...Ch. 4 - A liquid-phase chemical reaction A -* B takes...Ch. 4 - A stream consisting of 44.6 mole% benzene and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture of acetone and water contains 35...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Inside a distillation column (see Problem 4.8), a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

Chapter 4 Solutions