Chapter 4, Problem 4.102EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge associated with the Hydronium ion is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are categorized into two types: monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions.

A monoatomic ion is an ion formed by a single atom through loss or gain of electrons.

Example: ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that stays together and has an overall ionic charge.

Example: ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}$

Important features of polyatomic ions:

• Most of these, but not all, ions carry negative charge.

  Example: ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}$

• Most of these, but not all, ions contain oxygen atoms.

  Example: ${\text{CN}}^{\text{-}}$

• Most of these, but not all, of these ions have name that end in –ate.

  Example: Hydroxide ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge associated with the cyanide ion is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are categorized into two types: monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions.

A monoatomic ion is an ion formed by a single atom through loss or gain of electrons.

Example: ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$.

A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that stays together and has an overall ionic charge.

Example: ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}$.

Important features of polyatomic ions:

• Most of these, but not all, ions carry negative charge.

  Example: ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}$

• Most of these, but not all, ions contain oxygen atoms.

  Example: ${\text{CN}}^{\text{-}}$

• Most of these, but not all, of these ions have name that end in –ate.

  Example: Hydroxide ion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge associated with the hydroxide ion is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are categorized into two types: monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions.

A monoatomic ion is an ion formed by a single atom through loss or gain of electrons.

Example: ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$.

A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that stays together and has an overall ionic charge.

Example: ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}$.

Important features of polyatomic ions:

• Most of these, but not all, ions carry negative charge.

  Example: ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}$

• Most of these, but not all, ions contain oxygen atoms.

  Example: ${\text{CN}}^{\text{-}}$

• Most of these, but not all, of these ions have name that end in –ate.

  Example: Hydroxide ion.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge associated with the ammonium ion is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are categorized into two types: monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions.

A monoatomic ion is an ion formed by a single atom through loss or gain of electrons.

Example: ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$.

A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that stays together and has an overall ionic charge.

Example: ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}$.

Important features of polyatomic ions:

• Most of these, but not all, ions carry negative charge.

  Example: ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}$

• Most of these, but not all, ions contain oxygen atoms.

  Example: ${\text{CN}}^{\text{-}}$

• Most of these, but not all, of these ions have name that end in –ate.

  Example: Hydroxide ion.