Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined. Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Question

In the following reaction, what quantity in moles of CH₃OH are required to give off 4111 kJ of heat? 2 CH₃OH (l) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O(g) ∆H° = -1280. kJ

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

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In the following reaction, what quantity in moles of CH₃OH are required to give off 4111 kJ of heat? 2 CH₃OH (l) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O(g) ∆H° = -1280. kJ

Indicate the processes in the dismutation of Cu2O.

1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Potential Energy (kJ) 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800 (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt(s) → 2Cl (g) + Pt(s) (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ Ea = 2240 kJ (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2350 kJ AH=-950 kJ ΔΗ = 575 ΚΙ AH=-825 kJ a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ Reaction Progress b. What is the overall chemical equation? c. What is the overall change in enthalpy for the above chemical reaction? d. What is the overall amount of activation energy for the above chemical reaction? e. Which reaction intermediate would be considered a catalyst (if any) and why? f. If you were to add 2700kJ of energy to the reaction (e.g. 2700 kl of heat or electricity), would you be able to make the reaction reverse itself (i.e. have…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 29P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The eclipsing strain is due to the nonbonding interactions of the groups and atoms. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of cis-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Puckered conformation of trans-1, 3-dimethylcyclobutane needs to be drawn. Also, the stability of cis and trans 1,2dimethylcyclobutane and cis and trans 1,3dimethylcylobutane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction : In cyclobutane, number of eclipsing strains is present. To remove these strains one carbon atom goes out of the plane and the molecules starts bending or puckering. The molecules can be stabilized when it will remove eclipsing strain.

The conformers have the same molecular formula, but the spacious arrangements of the groups are different.

Answer 16

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Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1E Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3TIY Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6TIY Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.8E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.10TIY Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.11E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12E Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14TIY

Solution Summary: The author explains how the puckered conformation of methylcyclobutane needs to be determined.

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