Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.

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Students have asked these similar questions

The 4-story building shown below has a dead load D = 90 psf, floor live load, L = 110 psf. The roof and floors have the same D and L loads. The length of columns is 24 ft at the ground level and 12 ft for all other floors. The column ends are pins (Kx = Ky = 1.0) and Lx = Ly for all columns. (Use LFRD Method where applicable).1) Determine Pu on interior columns B2-4, B2-1, and side column C1-1 2) Use Table 4-1a (p. 4-12 to 4-24) in AISC to select the lightest W shapes for these columns 3) Use Table 4-4 (p. 4-68 to 4-83) in AISC to select lightest square HSS shape for the columns

The 4-story building shown below has a dead load D = 90 psf, floor live load, L = 110 psf. The roof and floors have the same D and L loads. The length of columns is 24 ft at the ground level and 12 ft for all other floors. The column ends are pins (Kx = Ky = 1.0) and Lx = Ly for all columns. Determine Pu on interior columns B2-4, B2-1, and side column C1-1 (Use LFRD where applicable).

Problems 5-1 Stead flow of steam enters a condenser with an enthalpy of 2400 kJ/kg and a velocity of 366 m/sec. the condensate leaves the condenser with an enthalpy of 162kJ/sec and a velocity of 6 m/sec what is the heat transferred to the cooling water per kg steam condensed. (-69198 kJ/kg) 5-2 An air compressor delivers 4.5 kg of air per minute at a pressure of 7 bar and a specific volume of 0.17 m³ /kg. Ambient conditions are pressure 1bar and specific volume 0.86 m³/kg. The initial and final internal energy values for the air are 28 kJ/kg and 110 kJ/kg respectively. Heat rejected to the cooling jacket is 76kJ/kg of air pumped. Neglecting changes in kinetic and potential energies, what is the shaft power required driving the compressor? (14.3kW)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 1P

To determine

Investigate the operation of various turbines and explain the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Turbine:

A turbine is also known as rotary engine that transforms the rotational energy from a fluid or air into a usable energy or work.

The turbine contains a generator, a shaft, and blades. The blade act as a barrier for fluid or air, when the blade moves the energy from the water or air is transferred to the rotor. When the rotor starts to rotate the shaft also rotates and transforms the mechanical energy into rotational energy. The electrical energy is produced by the generator.

Impulse turbine:

Impulse turbine changes the flow path of high velocity fluid. The turbine spins and leaves the kinetic energy from the fluid flow as a result of the impulse. The pressure of the blades does not alter. The total pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades for the steam or gas turbine. The stationary blades is the part which takes place the total pressure drop in the steam or gas turbine.

The fluid pressure head is reformed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. No pressure casement is required for impulse turbine. The Pelton wheels use the impulse turbine concept exclusively.

Reaction turbine:

The reaction turbine functions are based on the Newton’s third law of motion. The torque developed due to the turbine response to the fluid pressure. The pressure casement is essential for the turbine.

The turbine nozzles are united to the rotor. The Francis turbine and steam turbines are use the concept of reaction turbine. When the fluid leaving through the nozzles, it produces a reaction force on the pipes due to acceleration of fluid. It causes the rotor to change in the direction against to the direction of fluid. Steam turbines and Francis turbine are used by the concept of reaction turbine.

Operation of steam turbine:

The higher amount of mechanical power is produced by the steam turbine applying the less amount of steam. The wheels and blades are attached to the steam turbine rotor. The turbine blade extracts the energy from the steam. It is meant for the electricity production in the thermal power plants. The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine.

Operation of hydraulic turbine:

The hydraulic turbine transforms the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation. It is used in hydraulic power plants. The modern hydraulic turbines are a form of fluid dynamic machinery of the jet and vane type operating on the principle of impulse or reaction turbine.

Operation of gas turbine:

In gas turbine the air is used as a working fluid. It contains three main components they are downstream turbine on the shaft, upstream rotating gas compressor, and a combustion chamber in the midst of the compressor and the shaft.

The compressor pulls the air into the engine, and push in to the ‘combustion chamber’. It creates the larger amount of pressure and temperature and expands through the turbine section, then the electricity has produced owing to the spinning of generator.

Operation of wind turbine:

Wind turbine works on the principle by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. The propellers or blades get rotation while the wind energy strikes on the blades around the rotor. The shaft is connected with rotor and it induce the generator to produce electricity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the operation of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, and wind turbines is explained.