Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The balanced chemical equations of the reactions are to be represented and thetheoretical yield of copper at each step is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A
Classification of reactions depends on the reactants and products involved in the reaction.
The number of moles of a reactant is calculated by the formula as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 158AP
Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c) All the steps in the reaction are quantitative.
Explanation of Solution
a)Balanced equation for each step and classify reactions
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
This is a redox reaction as here, copper oxidizes to form
2)
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
This is a precipitation reaction. In this reaction,
3)
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
This is a decomposition reaction as in this reaction,
4)
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
This is an acid-base reaction. Here, CuO acts as a baseand
5)
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
This reaction is a redox reaction as here, Cu reducesfrom
6)
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
This reaction is a redox reaction as here, hydrogen reducesfrom
b) Theoretical Yield at each step
Initial mass ofcopper metal is
Initially, the number of moles of copper in the reaction is calculated as follows:
From the reactions given above, it can be observed that the molar ratio between reactant and product is 1:1.
Using the initial number of moles of copper available, the yield of copper in all the reactions is determined as follows:
1) The mass of
Rearranging the equation:
2) The mass of
Rearranging the equation:
3) The mass of CuO is as follows:
Rearranging the equation:
4) The mass of CuO is as follows:
Rearranging the equation:
5) The mass of Cu is as follows:
Rearranging the equation:
c)Comment on why it is possible to recover most of the copper used at the start of reaction.
The recovery of most of the copper is possible in these reactions because fewer impurities are involved in the reactants. Thus, the reactions are clean and almost quantitative, therefore the recovery yield is high.
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