Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The curve showing energy change from the rotation of
Concept introduction:
Newman projected two types of spatial arrangements of molecules which are staggered and eclipsed Newman projections.
Staggered conformation is the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in a molecule resulting in a
Eclipsed conformation is the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in a molecule resulting in a
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Organic Chemistry
- Review Problem 5.2 Construct handheld models of the 2-butanols represented in Fig. 5.3 and demonstrate for yourself that they are not mutually superposable. (a) Make similar models of 2-bromo- propane. Are they superposable? (b) Is a molecule of 2-bromopropane chiral? (c) Would you expect to find enantiomeric forms of 2-bromopropane? H но OH H HO HH OH OH HO H CH CH CH C CH CH II II (a) (b) (c) Figure 5.3 (a) Three-dimensional drawings of the 2-butanol enantiomers I and II. (b) Models of the 2-butanol enantiomers. (c) An unsuccessful attempt to superpose models of I and II.arrow_forwardIf either of the following molecules has a stereogenic carbon (chirality center), give structures for both of the enantiomers. (a) 2-bromopropane (b) 2-bromobutanearrow_forwardConsider 1-bromopropane, CH3CH2CH2Br. (a) Which of these is the lowest energy conformation?arrow_forward
- Consider 1-bromopropane, CH3CH2CH2Br. (a) Draw a Newman projection for the conformation in which CH3 and -Br are anti (dihedral angle 180°). (b) Draw Newman projections for the conformations in which - CH3 and -Br are gauche (dihedral angles 60° and 300°). (c) Which of these is the lowest energy conformation? (d) Which of these conformations, if any, are related by reflection?arrow_forwardConsider 1-bromopropane, CH3CH2CH2Br. (a) Draw Newman projections for the conformations in which -CH3 and -Br are gauche (dihedral angles 60° and 300°).arrow_forward3. (20) Cyclohexane may go through ring-flipping as shown below. 5 (a) Draw both of the possible chair conformations for cis-1-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexane by copying the scheme above followed by adding appropriate substituents to axial or equatorial positions. (b) Circle the more stable conforms of (A) and (B)arrow_forward
- Different position of substituents 1 (a) (b) 58 Construct models, draw the structures and name all the constitutional Isomers of C₂H₂OH. Indicate whether each of these C4 alcohols is 1° (primary), 2° (secondary) or 3° (tertiary). Hint: Identify the type of carbon (1º, 2º, 3º) to which the -OH group is attached. Different functional groups 1. (a) Make models of the isomers of C₂H5O. Write their structures, giving the systematic name of each one, and the family of organic substances to which it belongs.arrow_forward2. Using the Roman Numerals provided, rank the following compounds in order of increasing boilıng point. Briefly explain your answer (you should justify the position of each compound in the ranking). () 2,3-dimethylheptane (I) pentane (III) 2-methylbutane (IV) 2,2-dimethylpropane Rank:arrow_forwarda) Considering compounds 2a through 21, identify: ONE PAIR of geometric isomers; TWO PAIRS of enantiomers and THREE PAIRS of identical molecules. b) Give the names, including the configurations, of each of the geometric isomers and of each of the enantiomers. Draw the relevant structures in the space provided in the Answer Booklet. c) Sort compounds 2a, 2b, 2c, 2f and 2k in order of increasing solubility in water and briefly justify your ordering. 2 НО. AH H H anulta HOwno barwolset of ef 28nuor OH 2bc 2c ning) bi 10291 H WH 2 st brbot di OH Lacenoqoid OH to nabio ni one nt at dit st 2e OH "H OH bre 2a 2d 2g 2j H HO 2h 2k HO ...H di al nt o 2f 2i 21arrow_forward
- For each of the following compounds, identify all groups that would be considered substituents and then indicate the systematic name for each compound. (a) (b) (d) (e)arrow_forward1. One version of canola oil is (C15H29CO2)3C3H5. (a) Write the transesterification chemical equation (similar to Eq. 12-7) for canola oil. (b) How much canola oil will be required to produce one ton of biodiesel? 2. Write the chemical reaction equations for hexene (C6H12), butanol (C4H9OH), and heptane (C7H₁6) for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. If appropriate, the value of "n" must be used in a chemical equation.arrow_forwardG.170.arrow_forward
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