
a)
Interpretation: The total stream’s down flow rate has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction: Concentration of solution can be defined in terms of molarity as moles of solute to the volume of solution. The concentration of solution can be given by,
a)

Answer to Problem 138CP
The total flow rate of downstream from the stream is
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Record the given data
Upstream at which the stream rate flows =
Downstream at which the plant discharges=
Moles of
The stream flow rate in upwards and downwards direction of a manufacturing plant and mole of
To calculate the stream’s total flow rate
=
=
Total flow rate of the stream is
The total flow rate of the stream is calculated by summing up the values of upstream flow rate and the downstream flow rate. The total flow rate of the stream is
b)
Interpretation: the concentration of
Concept Introduction: Concentration of solution can be defined in terms of molarity as moles of solute to the volume of solution. The concentration of solution can be given by,
b)

Answer to Problem 138CP
Concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Record the given data
Moles of
Total flow rate of the plant =
Downstream at which the plant discharges water=
The stream flow rate in upwards and downwards direction of a manufacturing plant and mole of
To calculate the concentration of
Concentration of HCl downstream for the plant in ppm is 4.25 ppm
The concentration of HCl is calculated by plugging in the values of product of moles of HCl and downstream flow to the total flow rate of the plant. The concentration of HCl downstream for the plant in ppm is 4.25 ppm.
c)
Interpretation: The mass of
Concept Introduction: Concentration of solution can be defined in terms of molarity as moles of solute to the volume of solution. The concentration of solution can be given by,
c)

Answer to Problem 138CP
Mass of
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Record the given data
Hours consumed = 8.00 hrs
Downstream stream flow rate for the second plant = 1.80×104 L/s
Molar mass of HCl = 36.46 g
Molar mass of CaO =56.08 g
The hours consumed by CaO along with stream flow rate and molar masses of HCl and CaO are recorded as shown above.
To calculate the mass of CaO consumed by 8.00 hrs
The mass of CaO can be calculated from the mass of HCl
Mass of HCl=2.20×106 g
Therefore, the mass of CaO can be calculated by,
Mass of CaO consumed in 8 hours work day by the plant is 1.69×106 g
The mass of CaO consumed in 8 hrs work day by the plant is calculated by plugging in the values of mass of HCl with the molar masses of HCl and CaO to the flow rate of the downstream. The mass of CaO consumed is found to be 1.69×106 g.
d)
Interpretation: the concentration of
Concept Introduction: Concentration of solution can be defined in terms of molarity as moles of solute to the volume of solution. The concentration of solution can be given by,
d)

Answer to Problem 138CP
Concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Record the given data
Moles of calcium in the original stream = 10.2ppm
Mass of CaO = 1.69×106 g
Molar mass of CaO = 56.08 g
Molar mass of Ca2+ = 40.08 g
Downstream stream flow rate for the second plant = 1.80×104 L/s
Upstream at which the stream rate flows =
Downstream at which the plant discharges=
Total flow rate of the plant =
The molar masses of calcium and calcium oxide along with mass and moles of calcium oxide and calcium in stream along with total rate flow and the rate of upstream and downstream are recorded as shown above.
To calculate the concentration of Ca2+ in ppm downstream of the second plant if 90% of water is used.
The final concentration of Ca2+ returned by the second plant to the stream is 10.3 ppm
The concentration of Ca2+ if 90% of water is returned by the second plant to stream is calculated by using the concentration of Ca2+ before the water has been returned to the total volume. The final concentration of
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Chapter 4 Solutions
CHEMISTRY,AP EDITION-W/ACCESS (HS)
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