Chapter 4, Problem 12A

Summary Introduction

Introduction :

Dispersion Pattern: It is one of the characteristic of population, which is defined as pattern of spacing of a population within an area. It describes spacing of individuals in a population with respect to one another.

Primary factors in the dispersion pattern for all organisms are the availability of resources (food, water).

There are three main types of dispersion: Uniform, Clumped groups and Random.

Answer to Problem 12A

Correct answer :

The correct answer is option (A) clumped.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer :

Clumped dispersion: Individuals are clumped in groups.

Reasons for clumped dispersion: Safety from predators, thermoregulation, clumped distribution of resources, tendency of progeny to remain near parents.

So herding animals shows clumped dispersion pattern.

Explanation for incorrect answer :

Option (B) Random: In this dispersion, pattern position of each individual is independent of the other individuals. But in herding animals, individuals remain in groups. It is a rare dispersion pattern and is primarily because of random distribution of resources.

Option (C) Uniform: individuals maintain a minimum distance from other individuals (also called, evenly spaced). Maintenance of minimum distance among individuals, to avoid competition, e.g., to avoid fights over food, or interference while foraging.

Option (D) Unpredictable: It is not a type of dispersion pattern.