CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-TEXT,AP ED.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780136811206
Author: Urry
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 39.1, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To compare:
The activity of tropomyosin and troponin in muscle contraction with that of the activity of competitive inhibitors in the enzyme action.
Introduction:
Muscles are an essential part of the body as they help the body in movement and generation of energy. The system involving the muscles is called the muscular system. It allows the movement of the muscle by contraction or relaxation. The three types of the muscles are the skeletal muscles, the smooth muscle and the cardiac muscles.
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Reflect back on the Muscle Fatigue investigation we did earlier in this Activity. Choose one of your classmate’s interpretation to one of these questions:
What happened to your energy & ability to pinch the clothespin as you progressed through each trial? Why?
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Show how specific details from the steps of cellular respiration add details to answer this question.
@asap@
First, explain how resting membrane potential is established in terms of ion concentration and electric charge.
Next, explain the process of neural signal transmission from an alpha motor neuron to the muscle fiber. Do this by explaining how an AP is generated (ions and membrane proteins) at the neuron, how the signal is propagated, what happens at the axon terminal, what happens at the motor endplate, and explain all the molecular events that occur to cause muscle contraction.
Chapter 39 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-TEXT,AP ED.
Ch. 39.1 - Contrast the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of a...Ch. 39.1 - WHAT IF? Why are the muscles of an animal that has...Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the lunar-linked rhythm of...Ch. 39.4 - How might associative learning explain why...Ch. 39.4 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 39.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How might a learned behavior...Ch. 39.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain...Ch. 39.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 39 - During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 39 - According to Hamiltons rule, A. natural selection...Ch. 39 - The binding of calcium to the troponin complex A....Ch. 39 - Curare, a substance that blocks the acetylcholine...Ch. 39 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 39 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 39 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Propose a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 39 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 39 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Learning is defined as a...Ch. 39 - Prob. 12TYU
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- The CrossFit workouts you and River perform consist of many bodyweight activities like pushups, pull-ups, and squats. Based on what you have been learning about muscles, what specific events are taking place at the cellular and molecular level of actin and myosin that allow you to AEROBICALLY CONTRACT muscles during these workouts? Hint! Make sure to include in your answer: Ca2+, sliding filament model, and ATParrow_forwardwhat is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playwhat is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playarrow_forwardThe sliding-filament model of skeletal-muscle contraction assumes a sliding or slipping of interdigitating filaments of actin and myosin. Electron micrographs show that during contraction the actin and my-osin filaments remain of constant length while the distance between Z lines shortens. Explain how this happens in terms of the molecular structure of the muscle filaments. What is the role of regulatory pro-teins (troponin and tropomyosin) in contraction?arrow_forward
- Describe the movement of myosin along an actin filament. Outline the primary molecular steps and explain how this process is used by cells. How many actin monomers within an actin filament would a myosin molecule need to ratchet in order to contract a cell by approximately 1 um? How fast could a non-muscle cell make this contraction compared to a muscle cell if the relative rates of myosin walks on F-actin are 4.5 um/sec and 0.04 um/sec for myosin II and I respectively?arrow_forwardThe single-fiber twitch experiments shown here were generated by stimulating the muscle cell membranes to threshold with an electrode and measuring the resulting action potential and force. How would the results differ if Ca21 were removed from the extracellular solution just before the electrical stimulus was applied?arrow_forwardIf you were able to control fatigue in the muscle cell experimentally such that you only exposed the muscle to high levels of Pi and no other metabolites, what would you observe? A decline in force without much change in velocity A decline in velocity without much change in force A muscle operating below Lo A decline in both force and velocity An increased affinity of Ca2+ for troponinarrow_forward
- BIO168 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Practice Worksheet B Sequence of muscle contraction Number the following statements in their proper sequence to describe the contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle cell. _____ A. Acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction by the axonal terminal. _____ B. The action potential, carried deep into the cell, causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions. ____ C. The muscle cell relaxes and lengthens. _____ D. Acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. ____ E. The calcium ion concentration at the myofilaments increases; the myofilaments slide past one another, and the cell shortens. _____ F. Depolarization occurs, and the action potential is generated. _____ G. As calcium is actively reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its concentration at the myofilaments decreases.arrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine Figure 40-13. Based on the summation of two stimuli shown in that graph, draw a curve showing summation when the muscle fiber is stimulated three times. Figure 40-13 Summation and tetanusarrow_forwardVISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each of the numbered steps in the figure.arrow_forward
- 23. The diagram below represents an experimental set-up to demonstrate an aspect during muscle construction. fixed support String Kymograph- Frog muscle Pivot (a) State what would happen if a solution of ATP was added to the muscle. (b) Explain why it is necessary to use muscle from a freshly killed animal. (c) Name the part of the mammal represented by: (1) pivot. (ii) string. (iii) fixed support. 4. The apparatus below were used to investigate a certain physiological process in plants.arrow_forwardQ2\ The process of muscle contraction occurs over a number of key step. What are these steps? Explain with details. *arrow_forward96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an experimental animal model. Which of the following describes the most likely order of events during this process? 0000000 200602 H) Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Binding of Calcium to Calmodulin 3 1 4 2 4 2 3 Myosin Light Chain Dephosphorylation 2 3 4 3 4 2 1 2 Calcium Entry Into the Cell 4 2 3 1 1 1 3 1arrow_forward
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