Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 39.1, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To compare:
The activity of tropomyosin and troponin in muscle contraction with that of the activity of competitive inhibitors in the enzyme action.
Introduction:
Muscles are an essential part of the body as they help the body in movement and generation of energy. The system involving the muscles is called the muscular system. It allows the movement of the muscle by contraction or relaxation. The three types of the muscles are the skeletal muscles, the smooth muscle and the cardiac muscles.
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Reflect back on the Muscle Fatigue investigation we did earlier in this Activity. Choose one of your classmate’s interpretation to one of these questions:
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Chapter 39 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 39.1 - Contrast the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of a...Ch. 39.1 - WHAT IF? Why are the muscles of an animal that has...Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the lunar-linked rhythm of...Ch. 39.4 - How might associative learning explain why...Ch. 39.4 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 39.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How might a learned behavior...Ch. 39.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Balancing selection can maintain...Ch. 39.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 39.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 39 - During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 39 - According to Hamiltons rule, A. natural selection...Ch. 39 - The binding of calcium to the troponin complex A....Ch. 39 - Curare, a substance that blocks the acetylcholine...Ch. 39 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 39 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 39 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Propose a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 39 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientists studying scrub jays...Ch. 39 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 39 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Learning is defined as a...Ch. 39 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Acorn woodpeckers...
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- The CrossFit workouts you and River perform consist of many bodyweight activities like pushups, pull-ups, and squats. Based on what you have been learning about muscles, what specific events are taking place at the cellular and molecular level of actin and myosin that allow you to AEROBICALLY CONTRACT muscles during these workouts? Hint! Make sure to include in your answer: Ca2+, sliding filament model, and ATParrow_forwardwhat is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playwhat is happening here in muscle contraction. Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playarrow_forwardThe sliding-filament model of skeletal-muscle contraction assumes a sliding or slipping of interdigitating filaments of actin and myosin. Electron micrographs show that during contraction the actin and my-osin filaments remain of constant length while the distance between Z lines shortens. Explain how this happens in terms of the molecular structure of the muscle filaments. What is the role of regulatory pro-teins (troponin and tropomyosin) in contraction?arrow_forward
- Describe the movement of myosin along an actin filament. Outline the primary molecular steps and explain how this process is used by cells. How many actin monomers within an actin filament would a myosin molecule need to ratchet in order to contract a cell by approximately 1 um? How fast could a non-muscle cell make this contraction compared to a muscle cell if the relative rates of myosin walks on F-actin are 4.5 um/sec and 0.04 um/sec for myosin II and I respectively?arrow_forwardThe single-fiber twitch experiments shown here were generated by stimulating the muscle cell membranes to threshold with an electrode and measuring the resulting action potential and force. How would the results differ if Ca21 were removed from the extracellular solution just before the electrical stimulus was applied?arrow_forwardIf you were able to control fatigue in the muscle cell experimentally such that you only exposed the muscle to high levels of Pi and no other metabolites, what would you observe? A decline in force without much change in velocity A decline in velocity without much change in force A muscle operating below Lo A decline in both force and velocity An increased affinity of Ca2+ for troponinarrow_forward
- Can you modify this experiment so that the mass lifted by the muscle contraction continues to increase for every trial? If yes, explain how it should be modified. If no, explain why.arrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine Figure 40-13. Based on the summation of two stimuli shown in that graph, draw a curve showing summation when the muscle fiber is stimulated three times. Figure 40-13 Summation and tetanusarrow_forwardVISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each of the numbered steps in the figure.arrow_forward
- 23. The diagram below represents an experimental set-up to demonstrate an aspect during muscle construction. fixed support String Kymograph- Frog muscle Pivot (a) State what would happen if a solution of ATP was added to the muscle. (b) Explain why it is necessary to use muscle from a freshly killed animal. (c) Name the part of the mammal represented by: (1) pivot. (ii) string. (iii) fixed support. 4. The apparatus below were used to investigate a certain physiological process in plants.arrow_forwardThe sliding filament model depicts how myosin motors attached to actin lead to muscle contraction. This process proceeds in a precise series of events. Indicate which of the following shows the correct order of steps in the sliding filament model. Group of answer choices Myosin binds ATP; myosin tightly binds actin; power stroke; myosin releases actin Myosin binds GTP; myosin releases actin; power stroke; myosin tightly binds actin Actin binds ATP; power stroke; myosin tightly binds actin; actin releases ADP Actin binds ADP; myosin releases actin; power stroke; actin releases ADParrow_forwardMove Making Connections, Student Laboratory Packet, page 5 A2. How Does Fatigue Affect Muscle Performance? A condition known as muscle fatigue occurs when certain waste products of muscle cell activity build up in the cells. Until these waste chemicals are removed, the fatigue will continue. Do the Following Activity Hold a spring-type clothespin between your thumb and index finger. Pinch the ends together completely (until the two ends touch) and release them. Do this as rapidly as possible for one minute. Record the number of times you could squeeze the clothespin in one minute: Try the activity again, doing it the same way and using the same two fingers as before. Record the number of times you could squeeze the clothespin the second time: Answer the Following Questions Some people are able to squeeze the clothespin more times in a minute than others. Suggest a possible explanation for this. Could you do as many in a minute the second time as you could do the first time? Provide a…arrow_forward
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