Concept explainers
a.
To determine: What is signal and receptor.
Introduction: A process through which the plants convert their plastids and etioplast that are present inside its chloroplast is known as de-etiolation. The plants that have undergone etiolation process would be growing in complete darkness and are generally thin, long and whilte in color.
a.
Explanation of Solution
In the process of de-etiolation, signal is light and the receptor is a phytochrome, a blue pigment that is present in the cytosol.
b.
To determine: The important steps that are involved in the process of transduction of the signal.
Introduction: A process through which the plants convert their plastids and etioplast that are present inside its chloroplast is known as de-etiolation. The plants that have undergone etiolation process would be growing in complete darkness and are generally thin, long and whilte in color.
b.
Explanation of Solution
The phytochrome pigment is activated by light. This activated phytochrome triggers atleast two signal pathways. One pathway results in the production of cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate). The other pathway results in the increase of cytosolic calcium or Ca2+ levels. Both the pathways activate specific kinases enzymes. Some of them might activates several transcription factors that change the expression of genes.
c.
To determine: What is the growth response of plants and proteins involved in the plant’s growth response.
Introduction: Light is significant for the growth of the plants, however, it is essential to direct the growth as well as the development of plants. Sunlight serves as the signal to initiate and regulate the process of photomorphogenesis and photoperiodism. The two-light systems that play a major in the growth responses are the red light sensitive system and the blue light sensitive system.
c.
Explanation of Solution
The growth response of a plant is generally dependent on the stimulus or light. Changes in the plant such as the expansion of leaves, elongation of roots as well as the slowing of stem part elongation are collectively known as the growth response of the plants. In the de-etiolation process, levels of growth-regulating hormones are altered and the production of new enzymes is activated. This activation leads to the production of chlorophyll or the photosynthesis process.
The proteins that are involved in the growth responses are auxin (protein for expansion), cytokinin (protein for mitosis), and cytokin (protein for apoptosis).
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 39 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- List 3 environmental factors discussed in lectures and give examples of physiological and biochemical perturbations in plants caused by fluctuations in these environmental factors. For each of the 3 environmental factors describe the primary effects and the secondary effects.arrow_forwardPlease complete the following question:arrow_forwarda. What are the two basic components of phytochrome? b. Explain how phytochrome responds to different wavelengths of light. How does this account for the phenomenon of photoreversibilty?arrow_forward
- What is cell signaling? What is cell communication? Why are the cell signaling and cell communication essential for the plant growth and response? What is signal transduction?arrow_forwardIf the PIN2 gene is rendered non-functional by mutation it dramatically reduces the speed of the gravitropic response in the root. Explain what PIN proteins do and why the loss on PIN2 would likely affect the speed of the gravitropic response.arrow_forwardA) The concentration of CO2 is lower inside a plant cell than in the atmosphere (outside the cell). In your own words, describe how the CO2 levels are kept low inside the plant cell and explain why this is necessary. Assume stomata are open. B) Regarding the situation presented in Part A and assuming that the stomata of the plant leaves are closed, would this favour the induction of photorespiration in a C3 plant? Explain. Make reference to relevant molecule or molecules as needed. Please clearly label your responses as A and Barrow_forward
- i. Based on Figure 2, identify the structure that regulates the movement of water and minerals towards the xylem in the root ii. Predict what will happen to the transportation of water and minerals through the plasma membrane if the root was poisoned and no cellular respiration occurred. iii. . Nitrate and phosphate are important anions for plants. Explain how the movement of protons (H+) influence the anions uptake across the plasma membrane of the root hair cellsarrow_forwardwhat will be the end result of plant growth under sun and those under shade. Explain in two paragraphs?arrow_forwardMany different treatments were possible in the phototropism experiment. Based on your understanding of phototropism, provide predictions about the direction of plant growth for the following two scenarios, and explain your reasoning. 1. The tip of the coleoptile is removed and lanolin with auxin is applied to the dark side of the stem. 2. The tip of the coleoptile is removed and lanolin with auxin is applied to the light side of the stem.arrow_forward
- Some plants are recognized by fungal pathogens on the basis of their stomatal pores. Which of the following would provide these plants immunity from fungal infection? a. Removing all of the stomata from the plant b. Changing the spacing of stomatal pores in these plants c. Reinforcing the cell wall in the guard cells of stomatal pores d. Increasing the number of trichomes on the surfacesarrow_forwardWhat did Went's experiments with the gelatin block demonstrate? A. Plants cannot be induced to bend during growth unless they are exposed to an indirect source of light. B. Light induces the coleoptile to produce a diffusible substance that moves to the growing region of a plant where it stimulates cells to elongate. C. Gelatin can enhance the movement of a soluble factor from the growing region of a plant to the coleoptile where it accelerates growth. D. When a plant tip is removed from a growing plant, the plant acquires the ability to bend toward the lightarrow_forwardPlant cells communicate in a variety of ways to elicit cellular responses. In the figure below the plant is responding the presence of light with the release of auxin. Auxin was first discovered for its ability to promote growth in plants. It is a plant hormone that inhibits the lengthening and stimulate the formation of lateral roots and root hairs. (b) Explain the role that auxin has in eliciting the plant’s response.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education