Biology: How Life Works
Biology: How Life Works
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319017637
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Melissa Michael, Robert Lue, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ
Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

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