Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 38, Problem 4MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hormones are the class of signaling molecules which are produced by glands and are transported to the circulatory system to target different organs. The chemical structure of hormones is very diverse and can be classified into three classes, namely-peptide hormones, an amino acid derived from hormones and steroids. The hormones are involved in the regulation of behavior and physiology.
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The actions of lipid-soluble hormones include
a. activation or inhibition of enzymatic pathways.
b. binding with a hormone-responsive element.
c. muscle contraction or relaxation. d. stimulation of cellular secretions.
The action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.
Concerning the half-life of hormones,a. lipid-soluble hormones generally have a longer half-life.b. hormones with a shorter half-life regulate activities with a slowonset and long duration.c. hormones with a shorter half-life are maintained at more constantlevels in the blood.d. lipid-soluble hormones are degraded rapidly by enzymes in the circulatory system.e. water-soluble hormones usually bind to plasma proteins.
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 38.1 - describe the four methods of communication between...Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 38.2 - Insulin is a large, water-soluble hormone that...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.2 - explain the processes of negative and positive...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1ET
Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 38.3 - A common test of thyroid gland function is to...Ch. 38.3 - explain how negative feedback regulates the...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 38.3 - Endocrine disruptors have most frequently been...Ch. 38 - A student rescan, her decides to perform an...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 1MCCh. 38 - Which chemical class of hormones usually attaches...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2ACCh. 38 - Most endocrine hormones fall into three chemical...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2MCCh. 38 - Prob. 2RQCh. 38 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 38 - Steroid hormones include a. testosterone. b....Ch. 38 - Prob. 3RQCh. 38 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 4MCCh. 38 - Prob. 4RQCh. 38 - The pancreas releases the hormone _________ when...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5MCCh. 38 - Prob. 5RQCh. 38 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 6RQCh. 38 - The adrenal cortex releases three major types of...
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- Steroid hormones a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. b. have a direct effect on gene expression. c. bind to membrane receptors. d. Both a and b are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about polypeptide hormones is false?a. They bind to receptors located on the cell membrane.b. Most of them are lipophilic.c. They are the most abundant class of hormones.d. They normally activate second messengers.e. They bind noncovalently to receptors.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following best describes the characteristics of an autocrine hormone? Select one: а. Acts on same cells to amplify signals b. Released into bloodstream С. Acts on target cells far away from site of synthesis d. Acts on neighboring cells e. Diffuses across the synaptic junctionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a trait of lipid-soluble hormones? A. They often need help of carrier proteins to circulate in the blood stream. B. They frequently activate signal transduction pathways that use second messengers. C. They easily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayers of target cells. D. They are typically modified lipids E. They normally leave secretory cells without using exocytosisarrow_forwardWhich of the following are components of intracellular enzyme cascades initiated by water-soluble hormones? a. G proteins . cAMP molecules c. protein kinase enzymes d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardwhich of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a major function of hormones? Select one: A. Regulation of metabolism B. Control of blood glucose C. Stimulation of growth D. Regulation of water balance E. Synthesis of white blood cells Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about lipophilic hormones? a. They are freely soluble in the blood. b. They require a transport protein in the bloodstream. c. They cannot enter their target cells. d. They are rapidly deactivated after binding to their receptors.arrow_forwardSpecific hormone binding proteins: a. Can only bind to steroid hormones b. Facilitate fluctuations in hormone concentration c. Extend half life of hormones in circulation d. All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following is a property common between endocrine hormones, paracrine hormones, and pheromones? A. They all operate internally within an organism to stimulate different cellular responses. B. They are all secreted by dedicated glands within the endocrine system. C. They are all water-soluble hormones D. Both A and B E. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich one of the following best describes the characteristics of an autocrine hormone? Select one: a. Released into bloodstream b. Acts on neighboring cells c. Acts on same cells to amplify signals d. Acts on target cells far away from site of synthesis e. Diffuses across the synaptic junctionarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about hormones is not correct? A. The persistance of a hormone in the blood is usually of short duration.B. The time required for the onset of hormonal effects can vary C. Organ responses to hormones occur as soon as receptors are bound. D. The duration of hormone action is variable.arrow_forward
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