Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (Looseleaf)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408417
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 38, Problem 2DAA
Smoking and Lung Function Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was used to assess the effects of smoking on lung function. In 1985--86, the study enrolled about 5,000 people aged 18 to 30 years old in a long term study. Over the next 20 years, study subjects were periodically asked about their habits and their health, including their lung function, was assessed. FIGURE 38.19 is a model based on data from this study, of how lifetime tobacco and marijuana use affects forced expiration.
FIGURE 38.19 Associations between marijuana or tobacco smoking and the change in forced expiration volume (FEV). One joint-year means an average of one joint smoked daily for one year. One pack-year is an average of one pack smoked per day for one year. Dots at the top of the graph show the distribution of observations. Lines below show the modeled association. Blue is marijuana and black is tobacco. The change in FEV1 is given as milliliters of air.
Based on this model, how would smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years (40 pack-years or exposure) affect FEV1? What level of marijuana smoking would produce an equivalent effect?
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A study published in the journal PLoS One
(https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217796) in 2019
presented results of a GWAS searching for loci impacting the risk
of prolonged QRS in Hispanic/Latino people living in the U.S.
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cardiovascular mortality. The Manhattan plot below summarizes
the results. The significance threshold for this study is shown as a
horizontal line at -log₁0 (p-value) ~7.5. The names of candidate
genes at each associated locus are shown at the top of the
corresponding SNP tower. How many loci containing at least one
gene affecting prolonged QRS risk were identified?
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SCNSA-SCN10A
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You read a study in which 55 male participants (aged 55-70 years) were assessed for handgrip strength, and changes in cardiovascular health over a 2-year period. In the statistical analysis section of the paper you note that the researchers used regression analysis as the statistical procedure. The researchers identify the independent variable as handgrip strength, and the dependent variable as change in cardiovascular health. What do you think the research question could be?You read a study in which 55 male participants (aged 55-70 years) were assessed for handgrip strength, and changes in cardiovascular health over a 2-year period. In the statistical analysis section of the paper you note that the researchers used regression analysis as the statistical procedure. The researchers identify the independent variable as handgrip strength, and the dependent variable as change in cardiovascular health. What do you think the research question could be?
Select one:
a.
Does handgrip strength…
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (Looseleaf)
Ch. 38 - Prob. 1DAACh. 38 - Smoking and Lung Function Data from the Coronary...Ch. 38 - Smoking and Lung Function Data from the Coronary...Ch. 38 - The respiratory protein hemocyanin _______. a....Ch. 38 - In a _______, air flows continually across the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 3SQCh. 38 - In human lungs, gas exchange occurs at the ______....Ch. 38 - Which holds the most dissolved oxygen? a. warm,...Ch. 38 - When you breathe quietly, inhalation is _______...Ch. 38 - During inhalation _______. a. the thoracic cavity...
Ch. 38 - Prob. 8SQCh. 38 - Most oxygen transported in human blood _______. a....Ch. 38 - At high altitudes, _______. a. nitrogen bubbles...Ch. 38 - Countercurrent flow allows _______ to maximize...Ch. 38 - ______ in arteries sense changes in the acidity of...Ch. 38 - Vital capacity is the _______. a. amount of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 14SQCh. 38 - Match the words with their descriptions. ____...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1CTCh. 38 - Prob. 2CTCh. 38 - Icefish live in the extremely cold ocean near...
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