Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory. Introduction: Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Answer 6

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Answer 7

Chapter 38, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.

Introduction:

Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.

Constitutive defenses	Induced defenses
These are always present in the plant.	These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured.
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins.	They produce secondary metabolic products and also the changes in the morphology and physiology

Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.

Answer 12

Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 4R Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 3R

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 38 Solutions