Physics For Scientists And Engineers: Foundations And Connections, Extended Version With Modern Physics
Physics For Scientists And Engineers: Foundations And Connections, Extended Version With Modern Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781305259836
Author: Debora M. Katz
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 38, Problem 1PQ

The Sun appears at an angle of 53.0° above the horizontal as viewed by a dolphin swimming underwater. What angle does the sunlight striking the water actually make with the horizon?

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
To determine

The location of sun above the horizon.

Answer to Problem 1PQ

The location of the sun above the horizon is 36.7°.

Explanation of Solution

Write the expression for the angle of incidence on the air-water interface.

    θi=sin1(nrnisinθr)        (I)

Here, ni is the refractive index of the first medium, nr refractive index of second medium, θi is the angle of incidence, and θr is the angle of refraction.

Write the expression to calculate the location of the sun above the horizon.

    ϕ=90°θi        (II)

Here, ϕ is location of sun above the horizon.

Conclusion:

Calculate the angle of refraction of the light rays.

    θr=90°53.0°=37.0°

Substitute 1.333 for nr, 1.0 for ni  and 37.0° for θr in equation (I) to calculate θi.

    θi=sin1(1.3331.0sin37.0°)=53.34°

Substitute 53.34° for θi in equation (II) to calculate ϕ.

    ϕ=90°53.33°=36.7°

Therefore, the location of the sun above the horizon is 36.7°.

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Chapter 38 Solutions

Physics For Scientists And Engineers: Foundations And Connections, Extended Version With Modern Physics

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