Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 38, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason why diet deficient in zinc does not reduce the number of red blood cells, but it impairs respiratory function by reducing CO2 output.
Concept introduction: The mineral zinc activates the enzymes of protein
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Individuals with cystic fibrosis produce thick mucus in the lungs, resulting in a higher-than-normal level of CO2 in the blood. What is the problem that results from higher-than-normal levels of COz in the blood? Please relate this to buffers in the blood and construct a clear problem statement.
Consider the cigarette smoke contain an average of 450 ppm carbon monoxide. If the average oxygen content in the air in the lungs is 19%, what percentage of the saturation level would the COHb concentration ultimately reach?
Please provide the calculation
Below is the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. Please answer the following
questions.
CO₂ + H₂O → H+ + HCO3*
a. The forward reaction is favored in the lungs
b.
When protons decrease the pH [Select]
[Select]
c. CO₂ acts directly as a
[Select]
hemoglobin by reacting to form carbonic
Answer 1:
lungs
Answer 2:
decreases
Answer 3:
HbR
Answer 4:
negative heterotrophic
state is favored
Answer 5:
and the
allosteric effector of
reacting to generate protons another allosteric effector that stabilizes the T state
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 38 - Respiratory proteins such as hemocyanin _____. a....Ch. 38 - In a _______, air flows continually across the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 3SQCh. 38 - In human lungs, gas exchange occurs at the ______....Ch. 38 - Prob. 1DAACh. 38 - Prob. 2DAACh. 38 - Prob. 3DAACh. 38 - Which holds the most dissolved oxygen? a. warm,...Ch. 38 - When you breathe quietly, inhalation is _______...Ch. 38 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 38 - Prob. 8SQCh. 38 - Most oxygen transported in human blood _______. a....Ch. 38 - Prob. 10SQCh. 38 - In fish gills, blood and water move ________. a....Ch. 38 - ______ in arteries sense changes in the acidity of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 13SQCh. 38 - The diaphragm is a ______ muscle. a. smooth b....Ch. 38 - Prob. 15SQCh. 38 - Prob. 1CTCh. 38 - Prob. 2CT
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- 7L.4.1arrow_forwardExposure to air containing 600 ppm CO for 30 minutes results In an actual HbCO blood concentration of 10%. Estimate the percentage of the equilibrium saturation value of HbCO.arrow_forwardA crocodile, which can remain underwater without breathing for up to 1 hour drowns its air-breathing prey, then dines at its leisure. An adaptation that aids the crocodile in doing so is that it can utilize virtually 100% of the O2 in its blood whereas humans, for example, can only extract about 65% of the O2 in their blood. Crocodile Hb does not bind BPG. However, crocodile deoxyHb preferentially binds HCO3-. How does this help the crocodile obtain its dinner? Please help explain why/if this is the answer, thank you! As CO2 concentrations increase so will the concentration of HCO3-. The HCO3- preferentially binds to the crocodile's deoxyhemoglobin, which allosterically prompts the hemoglobin to assume the deoxy conformation and thus release its O2.arrow_forward
- Consider the cigarette smoke contain an average of 450 ppm carbon monoxide. If the average oxygen content in the air in the lungs is 19%, what percentage of the saturation level would the COHb concentration ultimately reach?arrow_forwardWhen travelling high altitude, one of the problem is alkalosis of the blood. Remember the equation for acid balance: CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3− + H+ If there is a low amount of CO2 outside, then greater CO2 than normal will diffuse out of the lungs. This will cause the blood to become more basic. To counteract the problem, a drug may be taken to both lower the blood pressure and help correct the pH. To do this, it blocks a symporter of HCO3- and Na+ in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Q: How would blocking transport of HCO3- help to lower the pH of the blood?arrow_forwardCreate a labeled diagram explaining how CO2 moves from cells of the working tissue as HCO3 - in the blood (do not include other ways CO2 moves through the blood). Be sure to include the carbonic anhydrase inside red blood cells and the HCO3 - /Cl- exchanger in your diagram. Write an explanation for your diagram.arrow_forward
- Concerning the reaction that is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells, briefly describe how the products of this reaction contribute to the buffering capacity of body fluids .arrow_forwardIn individuals with hereditary alkalosis, common symptoms include the accumulation of HCO3 (bicarbonate) and an increase in the pH value of the blood plasma. This condition is associated with mutations in the genes that control anion exchange proteins, specifically the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger Band 3. Explain how the anion exchange proteins work in the capillaries of normal people's body tissue and discuss how this process might be disrupted in alkalosis patients and lead to these symptoms.arrow_forwardPlease answer correctly and fastarrow_forward
- using the table below as a reference, explain what is the main root cause difference between a respiratory acidosis condition and a metabolic acidosis condition. please be detailed with your explanationarrow_forwardEach of the following statements briefly describes one of Hb an allosteric interactions. Which of the statements below are false? A drop in the [H+] of blood plasma would lead to a decrease Hb affinity for O₂. An increase in the partial pressure of CO₂ in the tissues would lead to a decrease Hb affinity for O₂- If you inhaled CO for an extended period of time, at partial pressures 1000 fold higher than normal indoor atmospheric pressure, your body would have a difficult time delivering oxygen to your tissues. When the partial pressure of oxygen is low within the atmosphere, your body responds by increasing the biological activity of Hb's negative effectors.arrow_forwardWhen an actively metabolizing tissue produces CO2, the H+ concentration of blood increases. Explain how this happens using a chemical equation.arrow_forward
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