Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The change that would occur in the resting potential if a neuron is treated with Ouabain, which disables the sodium-potassium pump.
Concept introduction:
Ouabain is a compound that is toxic in nature and is obtained from certain trees. It is used as a stimulant of the heart.
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WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodiumchannels to remain inactivated longer after an actionpotential. How would this affect the frequency at whichaction potentials could be generated? Explain.
Action Potential of Neurons Worksheet
1. Explain how an action potential and graded potential are different. Where do they occur on a
neuron? How long does each last? What kind of gates is each process using?
2. Describe the following in your own words
a.
resting potential
C.
hyperpolarization
e.
threshold
9.
3.
What triggers an action potential? What happens to the membrane to trigger an action potential?
4. What is a positive feedback loop? How does a neuron create a positive feedback loop (self-
propagation)
5.
What is the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels for producing an action potential?
6. What is the role of the voltage-gated potassium channels?
7.
What would happen if the voltage gated sodium channels
a. Never opened?
b. Stayed open longer than normal?
8.
What is the absolute refractory period? What is the relative refractory period?
Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential,
depolarization, and hyperpolarization.…
Graph of membrane potential versus time The graph above represent time in milliseconds.
At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why?
Explain why the membrane potential changes at X.
Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential.
Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potential.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 37.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cells membrane potential shifts...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 37.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.4 - Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting...Ch. 37.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Name one or more membrane...Ch. 37 - What happens when a resting neuron's membrane...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is a direct result of...Ch. 37 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION An action potential is an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 37 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The rattlesnake alerts...
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- 3 If an axon ([Na+]in = 200 mM) is bathed in solution consisting of [Na+]out = 10 mM, will there be an action potential if a supra-threshold stimulus (changed Vm to -20 mV with opening of Na channels) is injected into the axon?arrow_forwardGive typed explanationarrow_forwardGive typed full explanationarrow_forward
- membrane potential -70mV time Which of the statements below describe a situation in which the change in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action potential? Select all that apply. If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP. If the neuron is in the relative refractory period. If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold. If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near- simultaneous) EPSP.arrow_forwardIf neurons fire action potentials when membrane potential reaches -50mV, how would hyperkalemia affect neuronal excitability (likelihood of the neuron firing action potentials)?arrow_forwardvoltmeter microelectrode electrode Giant squid axon A voltmeter was used to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane of a giant squid axon. Which of the following best explains the voltmeter reading? Select one: a. The threshold potential has not been reached. b. The sodium potassium exchange pumps are working to take out the sodium ions and bring in the potassium ions. c. The potassium ions have rushed out of the axon, and the potassium channels are slow to shut down. d. The sodium ions have rushed into the axon, and the sodium channels are closing.arrow_forward
- Action Refractory potential period 50 6. 50 9. 5. -10. -100 2 3 4 Time (milliseconds) 1 5 6 7 Action Potential in a Neuron Place the number from the graph that matches the description in the blank below. The voltage gated sodium channels are open. The threshold level of the neuron is represented by the number: The sodium channels have closed. The potassium channels are open and potassium ions are flowing out. The potassium channels are slow to close. The membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential. Membrane Potential (mV)arrow_forwardConsider the circuit from Q5 (above). We want to add another inhibitory neuron to this circuit to increase the likelihood that neuron D will have an action potential. With which cell (A, B, C or D) should our new inhibitory neuron make a synapse to make it more likely that the post - synaptic neuron will have anaction potential?The diagram below shows a simple neural circuit with three pre - synaptic cells labelled 'A', 'B' and 'C', and a post - synaptic cell labelled 'D ' (see image below). Assume neurons A and B each have outputs of +2 and neuron C has output of -1.arrow_forwardCompound X has been shown to block voltage-gated K+ channels with an IC50 of 0.1 mM. Which of the following is the most likely to occur in neurones following application of 0.03 mM X? Action potentials would be prolonged and the resting potential would be depolarised. Action potentials would be prolonged but the resting potential would remain the same. Neither resting potential nor action potentials would be affected because the concentration of X is less than the IC50 value. The resting membrane potential would depolarise but there would be no effect on action potentials.arrow_forward
- Help mearrow_forwardQuick question on the process of movement Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the peripheral neurons lose their myelin sheath. In this disease, voluntary movement of the limbs is slowed because; Pick the ones that are true the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased. the generation of the action potential is blocked at points along the unmyelinated region due to the absence of voltage-gated channels the action potential amplitude is degraded at the Nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral neuron. The Schwann cells are targeted and destroyed by the immune system, affecting saltatory propagation. the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased.arrow_forwardPlease explain what is going on in the picture below.arrow_forward
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