Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 37, Problem 11TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
An action potential is an all-or-none event. This on/off signaling is an evolutionary adaptation of animals that must sense and act in a complex environment. It is possible to imagine a nervous system in which the action potentials are graded, with the amplitude depending on the size of the stimulus. Describe what evolutionary advantage on/off signaling might have over a graded (continuously variable) kind of signaling.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Put the steps of the process of signal transduction in the order they occur (hint - try to decide
which signaling pathway this is before working on the order):
1. A conformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme.
2. Protein kinases are activated.
3. A signal molecule binds to a receptor.
4. Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5. Second messenger molecules are released.
O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
O 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
O 1, 2, 5, 3, 4
O 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
I
a scientist that works on autism and you think that the mutation in the sodium channel found in 3 of your patients can be one of the causes for this disorder. Describe an experiment you could do to test this hypothesis.
the scientist need to be specific from the beginning of of the experiment by identifying the mutation to the end including experiment, propagation of action potential, its effect on signal transmission and synapse and give an example of the phenotype you anticipate to observe
Put the steps of the process of G-protein signal transduction in the order (1-4) in which they occur.
Second messenger molecules are activated and amplify the signal
A signal molecule binds to a receptor on the outside of the cell
The alpha (a) subunit of the G-protein inside the cell moves and binds to a nearby enzyme
The receptor changes shape, transducing the signal into the cell
Chapter 37 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 37.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cells membrane potential shifts...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 37.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.4 - Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting...Ch. 37.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Name one or more membrane...Ch. 37 - What happens when a resting neuron's membrane...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is a direct result of...Ch. 37 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION An action potential is an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 37 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The rattlesnake alerts...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Nursing Student with Neuropathic Pain
Tamara Costa broke her right tibia and has undergone two separate surger...
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Physiology a. deals with the processes or functions of living things. b. is the scientific discipline that inve...
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Sea turtles have disappeared from many regions, and one way of trying to save them is to reintroduce them to ar...
MARINE BIOLOGY
Relative thickness of the myocardium in different chambers; the functional significance of those differences; a...
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
2. Define equilibrium population. Outline the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in genetic e...
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active transport pumps in the plasma membrane of the axons are responsible for creating the imbalance between Na+ and K+ inside and outside of the neuron that produces the resting membrane potential. In early research studying the role of ions and the involvement of active transport of ions in neural signaling, investigators used the giant axon of a squid as a model. The diameter of a giant axon is far greater than that of a mammalian axon, which enabled researchers to isolate it easily and use it in in vitro experiments. In one early experiment, researchers investigated the active transport of Na+ out of the axon in response to the presence of cyanide. Experimentally they hooked up a section of axon to a syringe, immersed the axon in artificial seawater, introduced radioactive 22Na (as 22NaCl) into the axon, and then quantified the transport of 22Na out through the axons plasma membrane. The rate of 22Na transport out of the axon was determined by measuring the radioactivity released into the fluid sur- rounding the axon over a period of time. The Figure shows the results of the experiment. What is the effect of cyanide on Na1 transport out of the squid axon? How do the data show the effect? Source: P. C. Caldwell et al. 1960. The effects of injecting energy-rich phosphate compounds on the active transport of ions in the giant axons of Loligo. The Journal of Physiology 152:561590. Cengage Learning 2017arrow_forwardNeed help Different behavior patterns can be created by interactions of one or more pattern generators - in response to light touch, the sea slug, Tritonia, exhibits reflexive withdrawal of the body away from the stimulus (i.e. the sea slug “cringes”). However, a stronger mechanical stimulus induces the release of serotonin from specific neurons within the central nervous system and subsequent swimming behavior (i.e., an escape response). Both withdrawals of the body and swimming are driven by the same central pattern generator circuitry. This illustrates which important characteristic of central pattern generators? A. Model central pattern generators are not as complex as their real-world counterparts. B. Their rhythmic output is an emergent property of the neural network. C. Their output is not fixed but can be modifiedarrow_forwardWhen a signal binds to the Tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK), you have studied that a list of events occur sequentially. Map the events in the correct order from 1st to the last step.arrow_forward
- The figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the bindiıng of adrehalMNe LU the beta-adrenergic receptor. Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G proteins. Active GTP-bound G protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a signaling cascade that affects cellular responses, and includes cellular changes to mediate increased heart rate and accounts for the flight-or-fight response. activated adenylate cyclase adrenaline activated B-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase G protein subunit 22 GTP SDP conformational ATP CAMP change in receptor heterotrimeric G protein ACAMP inactive protein kinase A active protein kinase A 4 cellular responses Consider the homozygous mutation in which a cell produces a variant of adenylate cyclase that can no longer be activated Which of the following are true in this cell? Select all that apply. Heart rate increases Protein Kinase A is not activated CAMP levels are lower than normal Heart rate decreasesarrow_forwardPlease answer fastarrow_forwardExcept for?, all of the following signals may trigger receptor conformational changes without reaching the plasma membrane. o a. Receptors for steroid hormones. Tyrosine kinase receptors are a kind of receptor that binds to tyrosine phosphatase. Voltage-gated ion channels (OC). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).arrow_forward
- In most neurons, membrane depolarization leads to the opening of voltage-dependent ion channels, generation of an action potential, and, ultimately, an influx of Ca2+, which causes release of neurotransmitter at the axon terminus. Devise a cellular strategy by which hyperpolarization in rod cells could produce excitation of the visual pathway and passage of visual signals to the brain. (Hint: The neuronal signaling pathway in higher organisms consists of a series of neurons that relay information to the brain. The signal released by one neuron can be either excitatory or inhibitory to the following, postsynaptic neuron.)arrow_forwardWhich membrane proteins are involved in the potentiation of the membrane signalling that travels along a nerve cell? Na* channels Nat/K* pumps K* carriers Ca2+ channelsarrow_forwardCompound C is a pharmaceutical agent that blocks AMPK activity. How might compound C influence adaptation following resistance exercise? How might compound C influence adaptation following endurance exercise? Be specific and remember this section is Molecular Signalingarrow_forward
- Need helparrow_forwardPart D A signal molecule is also known as a(n) initiator protein key ligand receptor Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again; One attempt remainin However, the signal molecule fits into the receptor Part E Which of these is the second of the threearrow_forwardwhich of the following is true of chemical signals? - they can only be perceived by the intended reciever - they require physical contact between a molecule and a receptor adapted to fit that molecule - they are perceptible from longer distances, on average, than mechanical signals such as sound waves - they are used almost exclusively in a mating or courtship contextarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license