Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d.  is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.