Chapter 36.4, Problem 1CYL

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The mechanism by which the adaptive immune system recognizes invading microbes.

Introduction:

Adaptive immunity is also called as the acquired immune system. It is a selective immunity in which B or T lymphocytes are involved. During the first exposure of antigen, these lymphocytes undergo division which results in the formation of plasma cell and memory cells. The plasma cells contain antibodies that provide immunity against the infection and the memory cells retain the memory of the first exposure of antigen. Due to this, the response of adaptive immunity during the second exposure to the same antigen is quick and fast.

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The structure of the antibody and the way antibodies form specific binding sites.

Introduction:

Antibody is a protective protein, secreted by the body’s immune system in response to foreign substances or antigens. Antibody is also known as immunoglobin (Ig). They are essential to the body’s immune system. There are five types of antibodies that are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, secreted in response to the body’s immune system and mechanism.

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason why body’s immune system does not treat the body’s own cells and molecules as foreign.

Introduction:

The immune system can divide foreign substances into two groups, with one group; involve antigens which can circulate freely in the body. Some molecules, viruses and foreign cells can be involved in this group.

The second group involves self-cells, which show aberrant MHC proteins. MHC proteins are originated from the exogenous antigen that has been broken down or engulfed or from the virus infected and cancer cells which can produce foreign proteins actively.