Chapter 36.2, Problem 1CYL

Summary Introduction

To describe:

External barriers to infection and their functions.

Introduction:

External barriers of infections are skin and mucus membrane. Skin is a barrier to microorganisms. The mucous membranes cover all body cavities which open towards outside. The skin and mucous membrane of the body are the first line defense. They act non-specifically against pathogens.

Summary Introduction

To name:

The major components of innate immune response and also describe the way through which each of them combats invasion by microbes.

Introduction:

When external barrier has broken, a combination of a variety of nonspecific internal defenses is generated which is termed as an innate immune response. It consists of white blood cells that engulf and kill foreign cells or pathogens, and other chemicals and proteins cause inflammation and fever.

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The reason why external barriers and the innate immune response are nonspecific.

Introduction:

Vertebrates involve nonspecific external barrier and innate immune response as lines of defense. Nonspecific external barrier involves anatomical structure such as skin and cilia, and secretions of saliva, tears, and mucus. When external barrier has broken, a combination of a variety of nonspecific internal defenses is generated which is termed as “innate immune response”.