Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 36, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The respiratory system is mostly influenced by the partial pressure of the oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the pH of the blood. Chemoreceptors detect the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide and the H+ concentration in the blood.
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Which of the following is not a stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?
Increased arterial PCO2
Increased arterial PO2
None of the above stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors
Drop in pH
How will changes in arterial Po2 impact ventilation? Select the one most accurate response.
Small changes in arterial Po2 will result in fine changes to VÊ in order to maintain relatively stable arterial Po2.
O Arterial Po2 will not affect ventilation unless it drops below 60mmHg.
O₂ cannot cross the blood/brain barrier, thus cannot interact with central chemoreceptors to have an impact on ventilation.
O Breathing 100% O2 at atmospheric pressure will greatly reduce the urge to breathe.
All of the following factors increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen EXCEPT:
Increased temperature
Increased pH
Decreased pCO2
Decreased 2,3-DPG
All of the above increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen
The conduction zone:
Question 7 options:
participates in some gas exchange
secretes mucus which is moved down into the respiratory zone of the lungs
dries moist air as it moves into the respiratory zone
equilibrates incoming air to body temperature
none of the above are correct
The respiratory membrane for gas exchange includes (select the best answer):
Question 8 options:
Capillary endothelial cells
Type I alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells
A and B above
A and C above
Chapter 36 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.2 - Which is false? Platelets are nucleated cells that...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Which of the following statements is false? The...Ch. 36.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.8 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 36 - Prob. 1TYCh. 36 - Prob. 2TYCh. 36 - Prob. 3TYCh. 36 - Prob. 4TYCh. 36 - Considering blood flow through a closed...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6TYCh. 36 - Prob. 7TYCh. 36 - Prob. 8TYCh. 36 - Prob. 9TYCh. 36 - Prob. 10TYCh. 36 - Discuss the difference between closed and open...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 36 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
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- Breathing _______. a. ventilates the lungs b. draws air into airways c. expels air from airways d. causes reversals in pressure gradients e. all of the abovearrow_forwardOf the following, which does not explain why the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the lung than in the external air? Air in the lung is humidified; therefore, water vapor pressure alters the pressure Carbon dioxide mixes with oxygen Oxygen is moved into the blood and is headed to the tissues Lungs exert a pressure on the air to reduce the oxygen pressure.arrow_forwardA partial pressure gradient of oxygen exists between ________. a. air and lungs b. lungs and metabolically active tissues c. air at sea level and air at high altitudes d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? residual volume tidal volume expiratory reserve volume inspiratory reserve volumearrow_forwardExplain what a partial pressure gradient is and how such gradients figure in gas exchange.arrow_forwardIn______, gas exchange occurs at the body surface and gas is distributed by diffusion alone. a. earthworm c. frogs b. flatworms d. insectsarrow_forward
- The respiratory components of the medulla consist of which of the following? Dorsal respiratory group Apneustic center Ventral respiratory group Pneumotaxic center 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 onlyarrow_forward2. Which of the following has the most powerful effect on the respiratory components of the medulla? A. Decreased O2 B. Increased H+ C. Decreased CO2 D. Increased pHarrow_forwardUnderwater, we humans cant compete with whales and other air-breathing marine mammals, which can stay submerged for extended periods. At the beach one day you meet a surfer who tells you that special training could allow her to swim underwater without breathing for an entire hour. From what you know of respiratory physiology, explain why she is mistaken.arrow_forward
- Which of the following would be an adequate stimulus for a chemoreceptor? oxygen photon of light vibration cell stretch cold temperaturearrow_forwardYou have both peripheral chemoreceptors (aortic arch and carotid bodies) and central chemoreceptors (medulla). You were informed earlier that the central chemoreceptors are the primary sensors for blood CO2. Both sets of chemoreceptors detect the concentration of H+ in blood or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Why do the central chemoreceptors detect blood PCO2 levels while the peripheral chemoreceptors are only sensitive to total blood H+ concentration?arrow_forwardWhen compared to a blood sample from a normally breathing person, a person with pulmonary disease resulting in reduced alveolar ventilation would show: Select one: Oa. elevated plasma pCO2, increased plasma HCO3 and lower pH O b decreased plasma pCO2, decreased plasma HCO3 and lower pH Oc. elevated plasma pCO2, increased plasma HCO3 and higher pH Od. elevated plasma pCO2, decreased plasma HCO3 and lower pH elevated plasma pCO2, decreased plasma HCO3 and higher pHarrow_forward
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