Concept introduction: To sustain life, the blood must circulate all along the body. It transports oxygen and all other essential nutrients to different parts of the body. There are two major circulation pathways namely systemic and pulmonary circulation. In systemic pathway, oxygenated blood from lungs entering into the left atria is carried to the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the oxygenated blood gets pumped into the aorta. Many arteries arising from the aortal vessel transport this oxygenated blood into different parts of the body. In pulmonary pathway, it starts from the collection of deoxygenated blood from different body parts by veins and pours it into the right atrium to filling oxygenated blood to the left atria.
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Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (Looseleaf)
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- Which of the following statements about vertebrate circulatory systems is not true? A. In mammals, the blood pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary artery. B. In fishes, oxygenated blood from the gills returns directly to the heart through the left atrium. C. In birds, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery. D. In reptiles, the blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower oxygen content than the blood in the aorta. E. In amphibians, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium.arrow_forwardMarine mammals are able to hold their breath for extended periods underwater because a. unlike humans, they don’t hypoventilate. b. partial pressure of carbon dioxide does not increase underwater. c. myoglobin in muscle tissue provides an oxygen reserve. d. the brains of marine mammals do not have receptors that respond to impulses initiated in the aortic and carotid bodies.arrow_forwardIn some reptiles, the two layers of dura mater fuse together in the brain. What is a likely consequence of this finding? Group of answer choices a. Because the two layers are fused, it will form a stronger blood-brain barrier. b. Arteries are not able to pass through the two layers, so they must be rerouted around the dura mater. c. With no space between layers, blood cannot be collected here for return to the venous system. d. There will be increased damage to the tissue compared to mammals because in mammals, serous fluid between the layers reduces friction.arrow_forward
- The red blood cells of birds differ from mammalian red blood cells because: a. they are white and have nuclei b. they do not have nuclei c. they have nuclei d. they fight diseasearrow_forwardOrganisms with circulating body fluid that is separate from the fluid surrounding the body cells have a/an A. Closed circulatory system B. Gastrovascular cavity C. Open circulatory system D. Heart and blood vesselsarrow_forward8)After blood is “used” by cells, in other words they’ve taken the oxygen, where does it go? Select one: a. Back to the lungs for more oxygen b. Back to the heart and then on to the lungs for more oxygen c. Back to the heart to return to the body for more oxygen d. Back to the capillary beds for more oxygen e. Back to the brain, where the oxygen level is monitoredarrow_forward
- The muscles of an entropneust (acorn worm) pericardium are responsible for, which of the following processes? Group of answer choices a. Blood flow. b. Coelom fluid circulation. c. Ultrafiltration. d. A & C.arrow_forwardThe difference between the amphibian and mammal hearts is thata. in the amphibian heart, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix completely in the single ventricle.b. in the amphibian heart, there are two SA nodes so that contractions occur simultaneously throughout the heart.c. in the ventricle in the amphibian heart, internal channels reduce mixing of blood.d. in the amphibian heart, only the left aorta pumps oxygen obtained by diffusion through the skinarrow_forwardWhich one of these would you expect to be part of a closed, butnot an open, circulatory system?a. ostia d. heartb. capillary beds e. All of these are correct.c. hemolympharrow_forward
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