Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (Looseleaf)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (Looseleaf)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408417
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 36, Problem 2CT

An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which there is an opening in the septum between the left and right atria. People with such a defect typically have more than a normal amount of blood in the right atrium. Why does blood flow from left to right across the septum rather than in the opposite direction? The excess of blood can cause hypertension in one circuit. Which one?

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VSD, or ventricular septal defect, is a condition that accounts for half of all congenital cardiovascular anomalies. In this condition, a hole exists in the septum, the muscular wall between the ventricles, which allows blood from the right and left side of the heart to mix. What sort of problems might this condition cause?
The mother of a three-month-old infant was concerned because her child had little energy and did not seem to be thriving. You examine the child and suspect the presence of a congenital cardiac defect, most likely a patent ductus arteriosus. What other symptoms would accompany this diagnosis? Left-to-right shunting of blood between the atria Notching of the ribs created by dilated intercostal arteries Decreased oxygen in the systemic circulation Distension of the right atrium Increased blood flow in the pulmonary circulation
Some babies are born with a heart defect in which the ventricles are connected to the wrong arteries—that is, the right ventricle sends blood to the aorta, and the left ventricle sends blood to the pulmonary trunk. What is the problem with this arrangement?
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