Concept explainers
BRAGG REFLECTION ON A DIFFERENT SCALE. A colloid consists of particles of one type of substance dispersed in another substance. Suspensions of electrically charged microspheres (microscopic spheres, such as polystyrene) in a liquid such as water can form a colloidal crystal when the microspheres arrange themselves in a regular repeating pattern under the influence of the electrostatic force. Colloidal crystals can selectively manipulate different wavelengths of visible light. Just as we can study crystal-line solids by using Bragg reflection of x rays, we can study colloidal crystals through Bragg scattering of visible light from the regular arrangement of charged microspheres. Because the light is traveling through a liquid when it experiences the path differences that lead to constructive interference, it is the wavelength in the liquid that determines the angles at which Bragg reflections are seen In one experiment, laser
36.70 What plane spacing in the colloidal crystal could produce the maximum in this experiment? (a) 390 nm; (b) 520 nm; (c) 650 nm; (d) 780 nm.
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Chapter 36 Solutions
UNIVERSITY PHYSICS UCI PKG
- In each of the following situations, a wave passes through an opening in an absorbing wall. Rank the situations in order from the one in which the wave is best described by the ray approximation to the one ill which the wave coming through the opening spreads out most nearly equally in all directions in the hemisphere beyond the wall, (a) The sound of a low whistle at 1 kHz passes through a doorway 1 m wide, (b) Red light passes through the pupil of your eye. (c) Blue light passes through the pupil of your eye. (d) The wave broadcast by an AM radio station passes through a doorway 1 m wide, (e) An x-ray passes through the space between bones in your elbow Joint.arrow_forwardQ3/A/We wish to coat a glass surface with an appropriate dielectric layer to provide total transmission from air to the glass at a free-space wavelength of 570 nm. The glass has refractive index n, = 1.45. Determine the required index for the coating and its minimum thickness.arrow_forwardplease i need full answerarrow_forward
- Q3/A/We wish to coat a glass surface with an appropriate dielectric layer to provide total transmission from air to the glass at a free-space wavelength of 570 nm. The glass has refractive index n3 = 1.45 . Determine the required index for the coating and its minimum thickness.arrow_forwardWhat is the thickness of the film of Cryolite (R.I.= 1.36) is coated on a glass surface (R.I.=1.55)to increase the transmission of the normally incident light of wavelength 5893 A.U. options a:- 2166 A.U. b:- 1083 A.U. c:- 541 A.U d:- 1200 A.U.arrow_forwardSolar cells are an example of anti-reflective coatings. Let a silicon solar cell (n = 3.45) coated with a layer of silicon dioxide (n = 1.45). Calculate the minimum coating thickness that will minimize the reflection of the light with wavelength of 650 nm?arrow_forward
- Potassium chloride (KCl) is an ionic solid with a crystalline structure whose planes are 0.314 nm apart. X-rays of wavelength 0.267 nm are used in a Bragg diffraction experiment to study the crystalline structure. At what angle with respect to the atomic planes in the crystal would you expect the first strong reflection to occur?arrow_forward3. a) Calculate the reflectance of a quarter-wave anti-reflecting film of magnesium fluoride (n = 1.35) coated on an optical glass surface of index 1.52. b) Calculate the peak reflectance of a high-reflecting multilayer film consisting of N = 4 stacks of coating materials with high-low refractive index (nH = 2.8 and n, = 1.4).arrow_forward1. a. If a piece of glass (n = 1.5) is coated with a transparent plastic (n = 2.0), will there be a phase shift in either of the beams reflecting off the interfaces (air/plastic and plastic/glass)? How can you tell, without doing the experiment, whether or not there will be a phase shift in either beam? Be specific about what rays are reflecting off what materials. b. So what thickness or thicknesses give the maximum reflection? What thickness or thicknesses (hint: it's thicknesses) give the minimum reflection? Assume that a light of wavelength 500. nm is used, and you may leave the answer in nm. Yes, this is a choice between equations 35.17 and 35.18, but your answer to part a should be helpful in deciding which set.arrow_forward
- Light that is initially travelling in a layer of diamond is incident on a layer of sapphire as shown in Figure 5. The sapphire layer has thickness T = 3 cm. The angle inside the sapphire is 6, = 50°. When the light reaches a third layer, it experiences total internal reflection. The material of the third layer is unknown. Figure 5 also shows a table with indices of refraction for various materials. Index of Diamond Material Refraction Ice 1.31 Fluorite 1.43 Sapphire Sapphire 1.77 ? Diamond 2.42 Titanium 2.90 Dioxide Figure 5 14. What is the incident angle 8, inside the diamond? a) 8, x 24° b) e, x 34° c) 8, x 44° d) e, x 54° e) 8, x 64° 15. What is the horizontal distance x travelled inside the sapphire? a) x x 6.4 cm b) x x 7.2 cm c) x x 8.6 cm d) x x 9.3 cm e) x x 12.1 cm 16. Which of the following could be the material of the third layer? a) Ice only b) Fluorite only c) Either ice or fluorite d) Titanium dioxide only e) None of the abovearrow_forwardThe atmosphere of Jupiter is more than 1000km thick .from the surface of Jupiter would you expect to see a white sun?arrow_forwardA thin layer of liquid methylene iodide (n = 1.76) is sandwiched between two flat, parallel plates of glass (n = 1.42). What is the minimum thickness of the liquid layer if normally incident light with λ= 550 nm in air is to be strongly reflected? 63.0 nm 99.2 nm 78.1 nm 126.0 nmarrow_forward
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