Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 36, Problem 2PQ
Many of the images we regularly look at are digitized; that is, they are made up of many small individual dots. For example, a color laser printer produces images by printing many dots of various colors. If the printer is of high quality, we do not see the individual dots. Why not?
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Chapter 36 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 36.2 - Prob. 36.1CECh. 36.3 - Prob. 36.2CECh. 36.4 - Prob. 36.3CECh. 36.5 - Prob. 36.4CECh. 36.5 - Prob. 36.5CECh. 36 - Many circular apertures are adjustable, such as...Ch. 36 - Many of the images we regularly look at are...Ch. 36 - The hydrogen line at 1420.4 MHz corresponds to the...Ch. 36 - Prob. 4PQCh. 36 - Estimate the diffraction-limited resolution of the...
Ch. 36 - Prob. 6PQCh. 36 - Prob. 7PQCh. 36 - Prob. 8PQCh. 36 - Prob. 9PQCh. 36 - Prob. 10PQCh. 36 - Prob. 11PQCh. 36 - Prob. 12PQCh. 36 - Prob. 13PQCh. 36 - Prob. 14PQCh. 36 - Prob. 15PQCh. 36 - Prob. 16PQCh. 36 - Prob. 17PQCh. 36 - Prob. 18PQCh. 36 - Prob. 19PQCh. 36 - Prob. 20PQCh. 36 - Prob. 21PQCh. 36 - Prob. 22PQCh. 36 - Prob. 23PQCh. 36 - Prob. 24PQCh. 36 - Light of wavelength 566 nm is incident on a...Ch. 36 - Prob. 26PQCh. 36 - Prob. 27PQCh. 36 - Prob. 28PQCh. 36 - Prob. 29PQCh. 36 - Prob. 30PQCh. 36 - A light source emits a mixture of wavelengths from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 32PQCh. 36 - Prob. 33PQCh. 36 - Prob. 34PQCh. 36 - Prob. 35PQCh. 36 - Prob. 36PQCh. 36 - Prob. 37PQCh. 36 - Prob. 38PQCh. 36 - Prob. 39PQCh. 36 - Prob. 40PQCh. 36 - Prob. 41PQCh. 36 - Prob. 42PQCh. 36 - Prob. 43PQCh. 36 - Prob. 44PQCh. 36 - CASE STUDY Michelsons interferometer played an...Ch. 36 - CASE STUDY Michelsons interferometer played an...Ch. 36 - Prob. 47PQCh. 36 - Prob. 48PQCh. 36 - Problems 49 and 50 are paired. C Optical flats are...Ch. 36 - Optical flats are flat pieces of glass used to...Ch. 36 - Prob. 51PQCh. 36 - Prob. 52PQCh. 36 - Figure P36.53 shows two thin glass plates...Ch. 36 - Viewed from above, a thin film of motor oil with...Ch. 36 - Newtons rings, discovered by Isaac Newton, are an...Ch. 36 - Prob. 56PQCh. 36 - What is the radius of the beam of an argon laser...Ch. 36 - Prob. 58PQCh. 36 - A diffraction grating with 428 rulings per...Ch. 36 - How many rulings must a diffraction grating have...Ch. 36 - Prob. 61PQCh. 36 - White light is incident on a diffraction grating...Ch. 36 - X-rays incident on a crystal with planes of atoms...Ch. 36 - Prob. 64PQCh. 36 - Prob. 65PQCh. 36 - Prob. 66PQCh. 36 - The fringe width b is defined as the distance...Ch. 36 - The fringe width is defined as the distance...Ch. 36 - Prob. 69PQ
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- What happens to a light wave when it travels from air into glass? (a) Its speed remains the same. (b) Its speed increases. (c) Its wavelength increases. (d) Its wavelength remains the same. (e) Its frequency remains the same.arrow_forwardPierre de Fermat (16011665) showed that whenever light travels from one point to another, its actual path is the path that requires the smallest time interval. This statement is known as Fermats principle. The simplest example is for light propagating in a homogeneous medium. It moves in a straight line because a straight line is the shortest distance between two points. Derive Snells law of refraction from Fermats principle. Proceed as follows. In Figure P34.54, a light ray travels from point P in medium 1 to point Q in medium 2. The two points are, respectively, at perpendicular distances a and b from the interface. The displacement from P to Q has the component d parallel to the interface, and we let x represent the coordinate of the point where the ray enters the second medium. Let t = 0 be the instant the light starts from P. (a) Show that the time at which the light arrives at Q is t=r1v1+r2v2=n1a2+x2c+n2b2+(dx)2c (b) To obtain the value of x for which t has its minimum value, differentiate t with respect to x and set the derivative equal to zero. Show that the result implies n1xa2+x2=n2(dx)b2+(dx)2 (c) Show that this expression in turn gives Snells law. n1sin1=n2sin2 Figure P34.54 Problems 54 and 55.arrow_forwardLight is incident on a prism as shown in Figure P38.31. The prism, an equilateral triangle, is made of plastic with an index of refraction of 1.46 for red light and 1.49 for blue light. Assume the apex angle of the prism is 60.00. a. Sketch the approximate paths of the rays for red and blue light as they travel through and then exit the prism. b. Determine the measure of dispersion, the angle between the red and blue rays that exit the prism. Figure P38.31arrow_forward
- Please help me with this question.arrow_forwardAn object is placed to the left of a concave lens with focal length -10 cm such that the image produced by the lens is exactly half the size of the object. In a neat and organized fashion, write out a solution which includes the following: A sketch of the physical situation with all given physical quantities clearly labeled. Draw a ray diagram showing the object, the lens, and the image. Determine the location of the object and the image. Clearly show all steps, starting from generalized equations. Explain your mathematical work in words. Your explanation should cover both what you did and the thought process behind why you did that. Evaluate your answer to determine whether it is reasonable or not. Consider all aspects of your answer (the numerical value, sign, and units) in your evaluation. Answer all questions from 1-4 In 1 make sure the physical situation is sketch and label In 2 make sure the ray diagram is draw In 4 why the answer is reasonablearrow_forwardA certain kind of glass has blue = 1.650 for blue light and red = 1.610 for red light. If a beam of white light (containing all colors) is incident at an angle of 30.0°, what is the angle between the red and blue light inside the glass? O 0.22° O 0.45° 1.90⁰ 1.81°arrow_forward
- The intensity I of the light reaching the CCD in a camera is proportional to the area of the lens. Because this area is proportional to the square of the diameter D, it follows that I is also proportional to D2. Because the area of the image is proportional to q2 and q ≈ f (when p >>f , so p can be approximated as infinite), we conclude that the intensity is also proportional to 1/f2 and therefore that I ∞ D2/f2. The ratio f/D is called the f-number of a lens. Therefore, I ∞ 1/(f-number)2. The f-number is often given as a description of the lens’s “speed.” The lower the f-number, the wider the aperture and the higher the rate at which energy from the light exposes the CCD; therefore, a lens with a low f-number is a “fast” lens. The conventional notation for an f-number is “ f/” followed by the actual number. For example, “ f/4” means an f-number of 4; it does not mean to divide f by 4! Suppose the lens of a digital camera has a focal length of 55 mm and a speed of f/1.8. The…arrow_forwardLight travels from medium 1 with index of refraction n1=1.45 to medium 2 with index of refraction n2=1.6. What can you say about the propagation speed of light and the frequency? O the propagation speed will decrease in medium 2 and the frequency will remain constant O the propagation speed will increase in medium 2 and the frequency will remain constant O the frequency will increase and the propagation speed will decrease in medium 2 the propagation speed and the frequency will increase in medium 2 the propagation speed and the frequency will decrease in medium 2arrow_forwardA laser beam in air is incident on a liquid at an angle of 42° with respect to the normal. The laser beam's angle in the liquid is 27°. What is the liquid's index of refraction? O 1.47 ○ 0.68 O 1.37 ○ 1.04 O 1.38 O 1.33 ○ 0.7arrow_forward
- Edward and Calil do some experiments to determine the speed of light in a special transparent material. They determine the speed of light to be 0.63c. Edward shines a light thru the material. Determine the critical angle in degrees for the light ray if there is a chamber of air above the material. Please give your answer as a whole number. (c is the speed of light in vacuum)arrow_forwardMeasuring n Using a Prism Although we do not prove it here, the minimum angle of deviation &min for a prism occurs when the angle of incidence 0, is such that the refracted ray inside the prism makes the same angle with the normal to the two prism faces as shown in the figure. Obtain an expression for the index of refraction of the prism material in terms of the minimum angle of deviation and the apex angle 0. Ф 2k8min A light ray passing through a prism at the minimum angle of deviation 6min: SOLUTION Conceptualize Study the figure carefully and be sure you understand why the light ray comes out of the prism traveling in a different direction. Categorize In this example, light enters a material through one surface and leaves the material at another surface. Let's apply the wave under refraction v model to the light passing through the prism. Analyze Ф Consider the geometry in the figure, where we have used symmetry to label several angles. The reproduction of the angle at 2 the…arrow_forwardSnell’s Law relates the angle of incidence with the angle of refraction as n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2. If a laser beam of 650 nm (red light) travels through the air and enters the water at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the normal, what angle does the refracted ray make with the vertical? What is the wavelength of the red light in water?arrow_forward
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