Chapter 36, Problem 2O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The mechanisms of action, dosages, indications, routes of administration, contraindications, cautions, drug interactions, and adverse effects of antihistamines, antitussives, decongestants, and expectorants.

Concept introduction:

The common cold is referred to as an acute disease that occurs in the upper respiratory tract. It occurs due to the infection of viruses such as influenza virus or rhinovirus. The mucosa of the upper respiratory tracts such as the nose, larynx, and pharynx was invaded by the virus to cause the URI (upper respiratory tract infection). The inflammation in the mucosa stimulates the excessive production of the mucus and it gets accumulated in the regions of the upper respiratory tract. This leads to the symptoms of a cold such as nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, and coughing. These common cold symptoms are treated with the combined use of the expectorants, antihistamines, antitussives, and nasal decongestants.