Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134895727
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 35, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Vaccination is the process of inoculating an individual with attenuated antigen or antigen similar to the pathogen that elicit an immune response in the individual but does not cause infection in the individual. In this way the immune system forms the memory cells that activate a quicker response when the person comes in contact which the actual infection
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Which of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
Which statement is true about T cells?
a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells
b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2.
c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines.
d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.
Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells?
a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated.
b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection.
c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4.
d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen.
e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.
Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
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- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.arrow_forwardComplement must be inactivated because if it were NOT, A. protein synthesis would be inhibited, thus halting important cell processes. В. necessary interferons would not be produced. C. viruses could continue to multiply inside host cells using the host's own metabolic machinery. D. it could make holes in the body's own cells.arrow_forwardWhich event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation? a. Cytotoxic T cells secrete perforin and granzyme. b. Cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign antigen presented on the surface of a MHC I molecule. c. Cytotoxic T cells proliferate to form many new cells specific for the same antigen d. Cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign antigen presented on the surface of a TCR.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding CD4 is incorrect? a. MHC class II molecules present antigens to CD4 T cells. b. CD4 is the receptor used for HIV entry into CD4 T cells. c. CD4 is made up of two separate membrane-bound chains. d. Late in the progression of an HIV infection, the number of CD4 T cells in the circulation diminishes. e. CD4 is referred to as a T-cell co-receptor.arrow_forwardThe immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following cells are primarily targeted by HIV?a. Nerve cells.b. Helper T celIs.c. Phagocytes.d. Cytotoxic T cells.arrow_forward
- An MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction? Select one: a. Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen. b. Other immune cells are inhibited. c. The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC. d. The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following cells is critically important in mounting an adaptive immune response? a. Mast cell b. Basophil c. Helper t cell d. Neutrophilarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best characterizes interferons? A. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. B. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against viruses. C. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against bacteria. D. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to bacteria.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the impacts of antigenic variation? Mark all that apply. A. requires clonal selection of B cells B. causes a primary immune response C. involves T-independent immune responses D. memory cells are stimulated by the antigen variantsarrow_forwardReceptors that trigger innate immune responses a. are antibodies recognizing specific antigens. b. are T-cell receptors recognizing specific antigens. c. recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. d. are not specific at all.arrow_forwardAn antigen must be considered: a. An antibody b. To produce cytokines c. Foreign d. A T lymphocytearrow_forward
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