Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134895727
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 35, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
Describe one invertebrate defense mechanism and discuss how it is an evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
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Adaptive Response
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Our specific defense system recognizes and fights
autoimmune
foreign molecules, or
It can protect us
antigens
against
like bacteria or viruses, or
abnormal human cells like
An
allergy
is the system's "overreaction" to things like pollen,
cancer
peanuts, or shellfish. The system can also target healthy
pathogens
human tissues causing
diseases such as
rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
11
O Teamwork Toolbox
Explain the adaptive defense system
Choose the correct defense mechanism for each of the following statemnts. The choices are: behavioural defense, cryptic colouration, protective colouration and mimicry. A defense mechanism can be used more than once. Please explain in detail why each defense mechanism was picked.Examples:
A walking stick insect blends into the twigs in its habitat. Answer
A defenseless organism looks like a poisonous model. Answer
Two poisonous species evolved to look very similar in order to intensify the deterrence from predators. Answer
Orange elephant ear sponge is bright orange coloured and lives on ocean reefs. Answer
Cinnabar moth caterpillars have distinct black and yellow stripes. Answer
Hagfishes automatically produce fibrous slime from their body when they are captured. Answer
Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
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- What kind of immune responses do insects have a) adaptive immunity only b) innate immunity only c) they have innate and adaptive immunity but the adaptive immune system has fewer cells than that of vertebrates d innate and adaptive immunityarrow_forward33333333arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. PAMPs recognize pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLRs, NLRs and RLRs present on/in host cells TLRs that are expressed on cell surface are mostly recognized by viruses, whereas intracellular TLRs are recognized by bacteria PRRs can induce inflammatory response, opsonization and phagocytosis Pattern associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are molecules such as CpG DNA, cytosolic dsDNA and RNAs made by the host cellarrow_forward
- The impact of communicable diseases (infectious diseases) on human health is obvious. The sudden outbreak of “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” [SARS-CoV-2]” (COVID-19) has made people realize the threat of communicable diseases and their threat to mankind as a complex humanitarian emergency. A highly reactive, multifunctional and efficient emergency management system should be established, and the significance of information communication should be fully understood for the future (Jin et al., 2020). What risk mitigation strategies are being deployed locally and internationally to mitigate the spread of the disease?arrow_forwardChapter 2 Study Guide The Immune System What is the inflammatory response? Inflammatory response is a physiological response to infection and/or tissue injury. What happens during the response What cells are most activated in response to allergies? What do they release? What drugs are effective against them? What is an antigen? An antigen is a molecule that provokes a specific immune response What is the role of the bone marrow in the immune system? What is the role of the thymus in the immune system? What would happen if the thymus or bone marrow were destroyed in a patient? What is clonal selection? What is the difference (in vague terms) between the innate and adaptive (humoral) immunity? If you are exposed to a cold, why are you sick for two weeks? Why are MHC I genes so important? If some your cells lost MHCI genes what would happen? What is passive immunity? Examples? Blood transfusions vs. bone marrow transplants and immune response What is autoimmune…arrow_forwardToll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition receptor (PRR) important in innate immune responses was discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Stimulation of this receptor, called Toll, induces: The synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes The inflammatory response in Drosophila hemolymph vessels The production of antimicrobial peptides The recruitment of phagocytic cells to the site of infection The activation of Drosophila complementarrow_forward
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