Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 35, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The immune cells in the body are involved in the immune response against the body. These cells comprises of different types of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The lymphocytes have the receptors on their cell surface that recognize the antigen and proliferate to eliminate the antigen.
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An MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction?
Select one:
a. Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen.
b. Other immune cells are inhibited.
c. The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC.
d. The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell.
Which of the following is NOT true of B ceIls?a. Has membrane-bound antibodies.b. Produces antibodies when activated into plasma cells.c. Has MHC class II molecules.d. Kills infected body cells.
Which of the following statements regarding CD4 is incorrect?
a. MHC class II molecules present antigens to CD4 T cells.
b. CD4 is the receptor used for HIV entry into CD4 T cells.
c. CD4 is made up of two separate membrane-bound chains.
d. Late in the progression of an HIV infection, the number of CD4 T cells in the circulation diminishes.
e. CD4 is referred to as a T-cell co-receptor.
Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
Ch. 35 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 35 - DRAW IT Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two...Ch. 35 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 35 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 35 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 35 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best defines MHC restriction? Select one: a. The TCR recognizes a particular epitope in the context of a specific MHC molecule. b. Any given MHC molecule is able to bind a wide variety of epitopes. C. The TCR recognizes only the MHC molecule. Od. The TCR recognizes the epitope bound to any MHC molecule having the correct motif. Oe. A TCR may bind to either an MHC Class I or MHC Class II molecule along with the bound epitope.arrow_forwardWhy must antibody treatments like ZMapp be composed of monoclonal antibodies instead of polyclonal antibodies? a. Therapeutic antibodies must all bind the same epitope. b. Therapeutic antibodies must NOT all bind the same epitope. c. Monoclonal antibodies have much higher binding affinity than polyclonal antibodies. d. Monoclonal antibodies have much lower binding affinity than polyclonal antibodies. e. Monoclonal antibodies can be produced indefinitely; polyclonal antibodies can only be produced for a short time. IS it B? Can you please explainarrow_forward
- which two of following statements are true for an antigen prsent cell such as dendritic cell? a. Phagocytes are extra cellular pathogens b. Display processed pathoic peptide on the surface of the cell c. Produce antibodies specific for a pathogen d. Activate naive erythrocytesarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which statement is true about T cells? a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines. d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.arrow_forwardAntibodies against a specific antigen can be injected into a person to provide passive immunity. For which reason is this NOT as effective as the process of vaccination with that antigen? Select one: a. Injection of antibodies may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions. b. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity, and vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. c. Vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. d. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity. e. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity and may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding CD1 is correct? a. CD1 binding grooves are very similar to those of MHC class I molecules. b. Lipid antigens of CD1 bind with high affinity and are rarely exchanged. c. CD1 comprises three MHC class I-like heavy chains known as CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, each belonging to a different functional group. d. CD1 molecules form heterodimers with β2-microglobulin. e. When a CD1d molecule presents sulfatide to a γ:δ T cell, all three CDR loops of both the γ and δ chains must be engaged to activate the T cell. f. CD1 genes are located in the HLA complex on chromosome 6.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are TRUE of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules? a. Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens. b. Class I MHC molecules are only present on erythrocyte surfaces. c. Class I MHC molecules bind complement. d. Class I MHC molecules present exogenous antigens.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? A. CLIP binds to MHC class I molecule. B. Peptides in the ER lumen usually bind to the MHC class II peptide-binding groove. C. The invariant chain can bind to the MHC class II peptide-binding groove. D. The acidic pH trigger proteasomes to digest proteins inside endosomes. E. Calnexin, calreticulin, and tapasin associate with MHC class II molecules.arrow_forward
- which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region? A. ability to cross the placenta B. isotype (class of antibody) C. ability to fix complement D. affinity for drugarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forwardAn antigen must be considered: a. An antibody b. To produce cytokines c. Foreign d. A T lymphocytearrow_forward
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