Campbell Biology
Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 35, Problem 35.1CR
Summary Introduction

To describe: Three specializations of the plant organs and plant cells that help them to adapt their life on the land.

Introduction: Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes, form a large group of plants that use specialized tissues for transporting water and food to several parts in the plant.

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Explanation of Solution

There are three essential organs of the vascular plants such as the leaves, stems, and roots. Also, there are various plant cells that help in the adaptations of plants on land. For example: the parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, the xylem’s water-conducting cells, and phloem’s sugar-conducting cells.

The three specializations of the plants are as follows:

1. Roots: Roots are present in the soil, where it helps in absorbing the water and minerals and stores the carbohydrates. At first, the roots forms primary roots, and then it forms the lateral roots. For acquiring the nutrients and other substances, root hairs are essential, which are beneath the soil.

2. Stems: It is an organ of the plant that comprises the buds and leaves. The most important function of the stem is in elongating and orienting the shoot, so that it would initiate photosynthesis at a maximum rate. The stem consists of internodes, nodes, axillary buds, and the apical buds.

3. Collenchyma cells: These are the cells that are elongated generally and possess thicker primary walls. The walls are thicker than the parenchymatous cells. These cells are essential for supporting the young parts of the shoots of the plants. These cells help in providing support (flexible) without restraining the growth of the plant.

Conclusion

The three essential organs of the vascular plants are leaves, stems, and roots; the three essential plant cells are parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells, which help them in adapting their life on the land.

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Describe at least three specializations in plant organs and plant cellsthat are adaptations to life on land.
Distinguish types of plant tissues based on histological features (eg. origin, location, position of tissues)
i)  list TWO adaptations that show that the plant conserves water.ii) Photosynthetic cells produce starch and may be stored. Describe how one may test for the presence of starch on a piece of potato tissue. iii) Give TWO characteristics of monocotyledonous plants. d. The transition of plants from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial one has broughtabout many evolutionary adaptations for plants to survive on land. Give ONE adaptationfor each of the following divisions:i) Mosses: ii) Gymnosperms.
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