Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34.5, Problem 3CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the countercurrent exchange that facilitates respiration in fish and thermoregulation in geese (see Figure 32.15).
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. Oxygen binding by the hemocyanin of the shrimp Callianassa has
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Poz (mm Hg)
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Rat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative phosphorylation. If each gram of tissue consumes O2 at the rate of 12.0 micromol/min, with glucose as the fuel source.
(a) Calculate the rate at which the heart muscle consumes glucose and produces ATP.
(b) Consider an alternate scenario – what would be the rate of consumption if the energy source was a solely triglycerides whose fatty acyl chains were each 14-C in length and saturated? (Assume the O2 consumption rate remains at 12.0 micromol/min)
(c) For a steady-state concentration of ATP of 6.0 micromol/g of heart muscle tissue, calculate the time required (in seconds) to completely turn over the cellular pool of ATP if glucose us used as the sole fuel source. What does this result indicate about the need for tight regulation of ATP production? (Note: Concentrations are expressed as micromoles per gram of muscle tissue because the tissue is mostly water.)
Hypothetical scenerio:
When the membrane potential is 80mV across the digestive vacuoles (DV), inside positive, the Vmax for VF-6-2 efflux is 15pmol/h. However, when the membrane potential is 80mV inside negative, the Vmax of VF-6-2 efflux drops to near zero. Researchers suggest an H+ P-type ATPase is also in the membrane and is required for VF-6-2 efflux.
Do these data support their suggestion? What type of transporter might PfCRT be? How can vanadate be used to potentially test their idea?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - How is the now of hemolymph through an open...Ch. 34.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.2 - Why is it important that the AV node delay the...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 34.3 - What is the primary cause of the low velocity of...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 34.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 34.5 - After a heavy rain, earthworms come to the...Ch. 34.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.6 - WHAT IF? If an injury tore a small hole in the...Ch. 34.7 - What determines whether O2, or CO2, undergoes net...Ch. 34.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2, to very...Ch. 34.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 34 - Which of the following respiratory systems is not...Ch. 34 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 34 - Pulse is a direct measure of A. blood pressure. B....Ch. 34 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 34 - One feature that amphibians and humans have in...Ch. 34 - If a molecule of CO2 released into the blood in...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 34 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 34 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 34 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The diving bell spider...
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- Part B Calculate the logarithm (log) of the concentration of calcium in the cytosol. Express your answer numerically to one decimal place. ΑΣφ ? Submit Request Answer Part C Convert the concentration of calcium in the blood to scientific notation. Complete the value by entering a coefficient and an exponent numerically.arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Step 3 in Figure 9.9 is a major pointof regulation of glycolysis. The enzyme phosphofructokinaseis allosterically regulated by ATP and related molecules (seeConcept 8.5). Considering the overall result of glycolysis,would you expect ATP to inhibit or stimulate activity of thisenzyme? Explain. (Hint: Make sure you consider the role of ATPas an allosteric regulator, not as a substrate of the enzyme.)arrow_forward© Macmillan Learning A outside → Ainside, is 10.9 kJ/mol at 25°C. Consider a uniport system where a carrier protein transports an uncharged substance A across a cell membrane. Suppose that at a certain ratio of [A] inside to [A] outside, the AG for the transport of substance A from outside the cell to the inside, What is the ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside? [A]inside [A] outside -81.28 Incorrect Answer Choose the true statement about the transport of A under the conditions described. Decreasing the concentration of the uniport protein in the membrane will cause AG to become a smaller positive number. Because AG is positive, the ratio [A] inside/[A] outside must be less than one. Increasing [A] outside will cause AG for movement of Aoutside to Ainside to become a larger positive number. Movement of Ainside to Aoutside will be spontaneous. Incorrect Answerarrow_forward
- From these data, is the energy solely from the H+ concentration gradient sufficient to generate ATP from ADP and Pi? If not, suggest how the necessary energy for synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate arises.arrow_forwardCan I get this rewritten While the surface area of an organism scales as a square of the length (L^2) and the volume of an organism increases as the cube of the length (V^3), basal metabolic rate is not affected by the ratio of surface area to length of an organism.This can be seen in the data extracted from the ADW Quardvaark database as well which showed that mammals had an R^2 value of 0.7258 when looking at their length and basal metabolic rate and an R^2 value of 0.0074 when looking at the length of mammals and their length-specific basal metabolic rate. Birds had an R^2 value of 0.1678 when looking at their length and basal metabolic rate and an R^2 value of 0.0021 when looking at the length and length-specific basal metabolic rate of birds.arrow_forwardStudies of oxygen transport in pregnant mammals have shown that the O2-saturation curves of fetal and maternal blood are markedly different when measured under the same conditions. Fetal erythrocytes contain a structural variant of hemoglobin, HbF, consisting of two γ and two β subunits (γ2β2), whereas maternal erythrocytes contain HbA (α2β2). (a) Which hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen under physiological conditions, HbA or HbF? Explain. (b) What is the physiological significance of the different O2 affinities? (c) When all the BPG is carefully removed from samples of HbA and HbF, the measured O2-saturation curves (and consequently the O2 affinities) are displaced to the left. However, HbA now has a greater affinity for oxygen than does HbF. When BPG is reintroduced, the O2-saturation curves return to normal, as shown in the graph. What is the effect of BPG on the O2 affinity of hemoglobin? How can the above information be used to explain the different O2 affinities of…arrow_forward
- Asaparrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Explain why the set of forces driving ionmovement across the plasma membrane of a cell is described as anelectrochemical (electrical and chemical) gradient (see Concept 7.4).arrow_forwardcompar the structure of GLB-1 with haemoglobin and myoglobin, describe in detail why and how GLB-1 has properties that make it a good oxygen carrierarrow_forward
- Studies of oxygen transport in pregnant mammals show that the O2-saturation curves of fetal and maternal blood are markedly different when measured under the same conditions. Fetal erythrocytes contain astructural variant of hemoglobin, HbF, consisting of two α and two γ subunits (α2 γ2 ), whereas maternal erythrocytes contain HbA (α2β2).(a) Which hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen under physiological conditions, HbA or HbF? Explain.(b) What is the physiological significance of the different O2 affinities?(c) When all the BPG is carefully removed from samples of HbA and HbF, the measured O2 -saturation curves (and consequently the O2 affinities) are displaced to the left. However, HbA now has a greater affinity for oxygen than does HbF. When BPG is reintroduced, the O2 -saturation curves return to normal, as shown in the graph. What is the effect of BPG on the O2 affinity of hemoglobin? How can the above information be used to explain the different O2 affinities of fetal and…arrow_forwarda- When electron transfers between respiratory complexes, protons are pumped from matrix to intermembrane space and form electrochemical gradients. How does that electrochemical gradient use for ATP production? b-Describe, how does glucose enter into the cell?arrow_forwardNeed helparrow_forward
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