College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 34, Problem 5PE
On average, how far away are galaxies mat are moving away from us at 2.0% of the
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Chapter 34 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 34 - Explain why it only appears that we are at the...Ch. 34 - If there is no observable edge to the universe,...Ch. 34 - If the universe is infinite, does it have a...Ch. 34 - Another known cause of red shift in light is the...Ch. 34 - If some unknown cause of red shiftsuch as light...Ch. 34 - Olbers’s paradox poses an interesting question: If...Ch. 34 - If the cosmic microwave background radiation...Ch. 34 - The decay of one type of Kmeson is cited as...Ch. 34 - Distances to local galaxies are determined by...Ch. 34 - Distances to very remote galaxies are estimated...
Ch. 34 - If the smallest meaningful time interval is...Ch. 34 - Quantum gravity, if developed, would be an...Ch. 34 - Does observed gravitational lensing correspond to...Ch. 34 - Suppose you measure the red shifts of all the...Ch. 34 - What are gravitational waves, and have they yet...Ch. 34 - Is the event horizon of a black hole the actual...Ch. 34 - Suppose black holes radiate their mass away and...Ch. 34 - Discuss the possibility that star velocities at...Ch. 34 - How does relativistic time dilation prohibit...Ch. 34 - If neutrino oscillations do occur, will they...Ch. 34 - Lacking direct evidence of WIMPs as dark matter,...Ch. 34 - Must a complex system be adaptive to be of...Ch. 34 - State a necessary condition for a System to be...Ch. 34 - What is critical temperature Tc? Do all materials...Ch. 34 - Explain how good thermal contact with liquid...Ch. 34 - Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than...Ch. 34 - For experimental evidence particularly of...Ch. 34 - Discuss whether you think there are limits to what...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the luminous matter...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the dark and luminous...Ch. 34 - (a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in...Ch. 34 - If a galaxy is 500 Mly away from us, how fast do...Ch. 34 - On average, how far away are galaxies mat are...Ch. 34 - Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate speed relative to us...Ch. 34 - (a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe...Ch. 34 - Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a...Ch. 34 - Andromeda galaxy is the closest large galaxy and...Ch. 34 - (a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest...Ch. 34 - The average particle energy needed to observe...Ch. 34 - The peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a...Ch. 34 - (a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an...Ch. 34 - Show that the velocity of a star orbiting its...Ch. 34 - The core of a star collapses during a supernova,...Ch. 34 - Using data from the previous problem, find the...Ch. 34 - Distances to the nearest stars (up to 500 by away)...Ch. 34 - (a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a star moving...Ch. 34 - What is the Schwarzschild radius of a blank hole...Ch. 34 - Black holes with masses smaller than muse formed...Ch. 34 - Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a supermassive...Ch. 34 - The characteristic length of entities in...Ch. 34 - If the dark matter in the Milky Way were composed...Ch. 34 - The critical mass density needed to just halt the...Ch. 34 - Assume the average density of the universe is 0.1...Ch. 34 - To get an idea of how empty deep spam is on the...Ch. 34 - A section of superconducting wire carries a...
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- Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at the center of many galaxies. (a) What is the radius of such an object if it has a mass of 109 Suns? (b) What is this radius in light years?arrow_forwardWhat speed should a galaxy move with respect to us so that the sodium line at 589.0 nm is observed at 589.6 nm?arrow_forwardA galaxy is observed to recede from Earth with an approximate speed of 0.81c. Approximately how far d from Earth is this galaxy? Give an answer in units of megaparsecs (Mpc). d = ? Mpc How long ago t was the light that we see emitted by the galaxy? Give an answer in units of years. t = ? yearsarrow_forward
- Distances to local galaxies are determined by measuring the brightness of stars, called Cepheid variables, that can beobserved individually and that have absolute brightnesses at a standard distance that are well known. Explain how the measuredbrightness would vary with distance as compared with the absolute brightness.arrow_forwardCertain spiral galaxy is 9.7 Mpc away from us. How fast in km/s is this galaxy moving away from us?arrow_forwardIn 1998 a galaxy named RD1 was discovered with a redshift of 5.34. (a) What is the speed of this galaxy with respect to us? (b) Use Hubble’s law to determine how far away the galaxy is.arrow_forward
- 10arrow_forwardSuppose that the universe were full of spherical objects, each of mass m and radius r . If the objects were distributed uniformly throughout the universe, what number density (#/m3) of spherical objects would be required to make the density equal to the critical density of our Universe? Values: m = 4 kg r = 0.0407 m Answer must be in scientific notation and include zero decimal places (1 sig fig --- e.g., 1234 should be written as 1*10^3)arrow_forward*39 Will the universe continue to expand forever? To attack this question, assume that the theory of dark energy is in error and that the recessional speed v of a galaxy a distance r from us is determined only by the gravitational interaction of the matter that lies inside a sphere of radius r centered on us. If the total mass inside this sphere is M, the escape speed v, from the sphere is v. = V2GMIT (Eq. 13-28). (a) Show that to prevent unlimited expansion, the aver- age density p inside the sphere must be at least equal to ЗН 87G (b) Evaluate this "critical density" numerically; express your an- swer in terms of hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. Measurements of the actual density are difficult and are complicated by the pres- ence of dark matter.arrow_forward
- When two galaxies collide, the stars do not generally run into each other, but the gas clouds do collide, triggering a burst of new star formation. a) Estimate the probability that our Sun would collide with another star in the Andromeda galaxy if a collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda happened. Assume that each galaxy has 100 billion stars exactly like the Sun, spread evenly over a circular disk with a radius of 100,000 light ears. (Hint: first calculate the total area of 100 billion circles with the radius of the Sun and then compare that total area to the area of the Galactic disk.) b) Estimate the probability of a collision between a gas cloud in our galaxy and one in the Andromeda galaxy. To simplify the problem, assume that each galaxy has 100,000 clouds of warm hydrogen gas, each with a radius of 300 light-years, spread evenly over this same disk. Use the same method as part a.arrow_forwardA galaxy is observed to be at 10.0 Mpc from Earth. If it is receding at 520 km/s, calculate the Hubble's constant.arrow_forwardDistances to very remote galaxies are estimated based on their apparent type, which indicate the number of stars in thegalaxy, and their measured brightness. Explain how the measured brightness would vary with distance. Would there be anycorrection necessary to compensate for the red shift of the galaxy (all distant galaxies have significant red shifts)? Discusspossible causes of uncertainties in these measurementsarrow_forward
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