Chapter 33.2, Problem 1BC

Summary Introduction

To write:

The biological roles of electrochemical gradients in the living organisms.

Introduction:

An electrochemical gradient is produced by the combination of two forces. The chemical force which facilitates the diffusion of ions through the plasma membrane based on the ionic concentration gradient. The electrical force is due to the effect of the membrane potential due to the movement of ions. These two forces act together and produce an electrochemical gradient.