Chapter 32.3, Problem 3R

Summary Introduction

To review:

The different forms of four appendages that are used by vertebrates and the two lineages, which have lost at least two of these four appendages.

Introduction:

The vertebrates use four appendages that help them in locomotion, capturing food, and performing other daily activities. Most of the vertebrates have a basic body plan in which their bones are held together with the help of joints; however, many vertebrates have lost this anatomy and modified limbs or no limbs are present in them. Some vertebrates like snakes prefer to move from one place to another by simply crawling, while some others have reduced limbs. The diversification of vertebrates has taken place after the continental drift, at the end of Cretaceous period.