Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 11SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Neurons are the brain cells that are specialized to transmit nerve impulses. Most of the vertebrate axons have a myelin sheath, a discontinuous covering composed of myelin-producing glial cells that wrap around the axon one after another. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin sheaths are formed by glial cells called Schwann cells. Astrocytes are star shaped glial cell present in the brain that play an important role in the blood-brain barrier, immune defense, and synthesize nerve growth factor. Microglia is a type of neuroglia which is found in the brain and spinal cord and play role of immune defense in the central nervous system.
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Students have asked these similar questions
What type of cells serve the needs of delicate neurons by bracing and protecting them? Are they capable of generating and transmitting nerve impulses?
A.
ganglia, no
B.
ganglia, yes
C.
neuroglia, yes
D.
neuroglia, no
What type of cells myelinate the cytoplasmic extensions of neurons?
A.
oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
B.
microglial cells
C.
astrocytes
D.
ependymal cells
Which structural classification of neurons has only one very short process that extends from the cell body and divides into peripheral and central processes?
A.
anaxonic neurons
B.
multipolar neurons
C.
unipolar neurons
D.
bipolar neurons
Match the neuroglia with the correct function:
A. Satellite cells
B. Schwann Cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal
E. Microglia
F. Astrocytes
1. Cells that produce the myelin in the PNS.
2. Cells that produce myelin in the CNS
3. Phagocytes that dispose debris like dead brain cells and bacteria
4. Anchors and braces neurons with cellular projections
5. Cells have cilia that help circulate the cerebrospinal fluid
6. Cells help cushion and protect neurons in the PNS
7. Cells serve as a medium for diffusion between capillaries and neurons
8. Cells line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Which of the following is a part of the PNS? a. microglia b. spinal cord c. brain d. neurolemmocyte
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 32 - ___ relay messages from the brain and .spinal cord...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1DAACh. 32 - Prob. 2DAACh. 32 - Prob. 3DAACh. 32 - Prob. 4DAACh. 32 - When a neuron is at rest, ______ a. it is at...Ch. 32 - Action potentials occur when ________ a. a neuron...Ch. 32 - True or false? Action potentials vary in their...Ch. 32 - Neurotransmitters are released by _______ a. axon...Ch. 32 - What chemicals is released by the axon terminals...
Ch. 32 - Which neurotransmitter is important in...Ch. 32 - Skeletal muscles are controlled by _________ a....Ch. 32 - When you sit quietly on the couch and read, output...Ch. 32 - Dorsal root ganglia contain _______ of sensory...Ch. 32 - Prob. 11SQCh. 32 - Neurons are arrested in ________ of the cell...Ch. 32 - Prob. 13SQCh. 32 - Commands to move your right arm start in the...Ch. 32 - Match each item with its description. ___ gray...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1CTCh. 32 - In human newborns, especially premature ones, the...
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- Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection of the brain. Which cell type is the first to have its function disrupted during meningitis? a. astrocytes b. microglia c. neurons d. satellite gliaarrow_forwardSchwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS? Group of answer choices a.Oligodendrocytes b.Astrocytes c.Microglia d.Ependymal cellsarrow_forwardMatch the types of neuroglia to their functions. (1) ependymal cells (2) oligodendrocytes (3) astrocytes (4) Schwann cells (5) microglial cells A. form a myelin sheath around peripheral nerves B. phagocytize cellular debris and bacteria C. line inner parts of ventricles and spinal cord D. form scar tissue and regulate ion and nutrient concentrations in the CNS E. form a myelin sheath around neurons in the CNSarrow_forward
- Axons found around the area indicated by the arrow in the figure above are myelinated by A. astrocytes B. dorsal root ganglion cells C. microglia D. oligodendrocytes E. Schwann cellsarrow_forwardMark the following statements as true of false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Ependymal cells regulate the composition and movement of cerebrospinal fluid. b. Schwann cells make myelin in the peripheral nervous system c. Microglia are neuroglial cells with an immune function. d. Oligodendrocytes repair damaged axons in the peripheral nervous system. e. Astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment of the brain and are key components of the blood-brain barrier. f. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells perform similar functions in different parts of the nervous system.arrow_forwardThe cells responsible for the transmission of the nerveimpulse are ________. a. neuronsb. oligodendrocytesc. astrocytesd. microgliaarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a part of the periphrial nervous system (PNS)? a.somatic nervous system b.autonomic nervous system c.sensory neurons d. motor neurons e. spinal cordarrow_forwardThe vast majority of neurons are located in the a. Outer bulges of the neocortex b. Cerebellum and brainstem C. Autonomic Nervous System d. Creases in the neocortexarrow_forward1. 1 These are abundant, star-shaped cells that form barrier between capillaries and neurons and make exchanges between the two A. Oligodendrocytes B. Astrocytes C. Microglia OD. Ependymal cells 2.They are line cavities of the brain and spinal cord that circulate cerebrospinal fluid with cilia OA. Oligodendrocytes B. Astrocytes C. Microglia D. Ependymal cells 3. Motor (efferent) neurons are cell bodies. They can be found in the PNS and carries impulses from the central nervous system A. 1st sentence is true, 2nd sentence is false B. 1st sentence is false, 2nd sentence is false C. 1st sentence is true, 2nd sentence is true O D. 1st sentence is false, 2nd sentence is true 4. Thalamus refers as the relay station that registers, recognizes pain, temperature and pressure whereas the hypothalamus is considered as the A. Dehydration center B. First center C. Thirsty center D. Thirst center 5. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protects the brain tissue from injury when jolted or hit. Thus, providing…arrow_forward
- Which of the following central nervous system cellsregulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown ofsome neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation ofthe blood-brain barrier?a. microgliab. neurogliac. oligodendrocytesd. astrocytesarrow_forwardA new drug is developed that prevents the demyelination occurring in the progress of multiple sclerosis. The drug protects the cells responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system. These cells are most likely which of the following? (A) Astrocyte (B) Ependymal cell (C) Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte (E) Schwann cellarrow_forwardThe cells of neuroglia are formed from two sources: ectoderm and mesenchyme. What cells have the mesenchymal origin? a. Fibrillar astrocyte b. Microgliocytes c. Ependymal cell d. Oligodendrocyte e. Protoplasmic astrocytearrow_forward
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