Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 30.4, Problem 5LO
Cite specific examples of how data from molecular systematics have confirmed or modified traditional animal phylogeny and identify the three major clades of bilateral animals.
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Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply.
A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree.
B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor.
C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species.
D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles.
E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.
7) Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Select all the statements that are supported by this tree.
A) Gray whales are the common ancestor of the Blue and Humpback whales.
B) Blue and humpback whales diverged more recently than either did from the gray whale.
C) The Bryde's whale shares a more recent common ancestor with the Sei whale than with the Fin whale.
D) The blue and the Bryde's whale have more traits in common with each other than with any other two species,
E) Southern minke whales and Northern minke whales have more traits in common with each other than with any other species.
Not Graded
A 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm
Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 30.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 30.2 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of life...Ch. 30.2 - What are some advantages of marine environments...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 30.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 30.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 30.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 30.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 30.4 - Describe how biologists use morphology (including...
Ch. 30.4 - Cite specific examples of how data from molecular...Ch. 30.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 30.4 - What are some differences between protostomes and...Ch. 30.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 30 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 30 - Which of the following is not an adaptation to...Ch. 30 - The Cambrian radiation (a) occurred during the...Ch. 30 - The germ layer that gives rise to the outer...Ch. 30 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 30 - EVOLUTION LINK Examine the cladogram in Figure...Ch. 30 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 30 - Prob. 14TYU
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- I am working on reconstructing the phylogenetic history of North American squirrels. I decide to use teat number as a character (trait) for inferring their phylogeny. I do some research into other squirrels and mammals and discover the following: • Mammals and other squirrels only have even numbers of teats. Teat number appears to be unrelated to any other morphologic trait. • The MRCA of all mammals, and therefore all squirrels, also had teats. Which of the following characteristics (either required of traits used in phylogenetic reconstruction, or desired) does teat number appear to have? Choose all that apply. It's mutation rate is known or estimable O It is homolgous rather than analagous It is discrete It is analagous rather than homologous OIt is quantifiable It is independent of other traits It is DNA sequence dataarrow_forwardHow is the traditional animal family tree similar or different from the phylogeny reflecting molecular data?arrow_forwardWhat is the potential impact of horizontal gene transfer on the reconstruction of animal phylogeny?arrow_forward
- A) Draw a phylogenetic tree for the major phyla of the animal kingdom. Label the appropriate branch points on the tree with the following features: Tissue, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, body cavity, deuterostomes, and protostomes. B). Draw a diagram of a hydra. On the hydra, label the mouth (hypostome), tentacles, basal disk, ovary, budding polyp, gastrovascular cavity. State the function of each structure you labeled next to or under your diagram.arrow_forwardA phylogeny of 5 species of birds is shown below with values for three different phenotypic traits for each species shown in the rows above (e.g., species A has a wide, long beak and red tail, while species C has a narrow, very long beak and a green tail). DNA sequencing of tissue samples found buried in a freezer confirms that an extremely rare and reclusive species (D) is a sister species of E, but preserved samples of entire individuals of species D have been lost, the original collector of the samples has passed away, and no individuals of species D have subsequently been seen in the wild. In other words, we have no idea what species D looks like. Employing the principle of parsimony, which of the following conclusions is MOST appropriate for the likely values of these traits in species D? Beak width: wide wide ?? narrow narrow Beak length: long long ?? long very long Tail colour: red blue ?? green green A E a) wide beak, very long beak, green tail b) narrow beak, long beak, all…arrow_forward4) What makes Archeopteryx an important fossil evolutionarily? A)This species has a mix of characters that suggest it was a "transitional" species between two large groups, dinosaurs and birds. B)This species is the oldest known, universally agreed upon, fossil of life, and therefore tells up what the common ancestor to all living things might have been like. C)This species has a mix of characters that suggests is was a "transitional" species between two large groups, fish and amphibians. D)This species is thought to be the last common ancestor between chimps and humans, and therefore is the root of our own specific group (homonins).arrow_forward
- What is the semantic web of two major classification of animalsarrow_forwardWhich of the following CANNOT be learned by looking at phylogenetic trees? (A) ALL of these. (B) Which groups of species represent natural monophyletic groups (clades) that should be named. (C) Which ancestral nodes (representing extinct ancestors) might be older than other ancestral nodes. (D) Which extant species are older than other extant species. (E) Which characteristics most likely evolved along specific branches of the evolutionary tree.arrow_forwardIn a phylogenetic analysis of several bird species, a researcher uses a species of reptile as an outgroup. Which of the following is the main reason for including an outgroup in the analysis? To identify ancestral traits shared by the bird species To determine the overall genetic diversity of the bird species To establish a new monophyletic group including both bird and reptile species To analyze the convergent evolution of bird and reptile speciesarrow_forward
- The phylogenetic tree for vertebrates depicted below was constructed from sequence data for two rRNA mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S). How do the results of this analysis compare with the phylogenetic trees in Figures 32.10 and 32.24? Identify the major clades of vertebrates on the tree depicted below. Source: R. Zardoya and A. Meyer. 1998. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:1422614231. Copyright 1998 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.arrow_forwardFor each of the following sets of traits and descriptors, give the name of the most specific primate taxon that possesses ALL of the given features. In other words, don't report a suborder or superfamily name if a family or even a genus is sufficient to include all primates sharing the three sets of traits. In each case, you will need to be no more specific than the taxa I have asked you to know for the final exam. 1) 2) 3) 4) post-orbital bar with no post-orbital closure wet rhinarium all members nocturnal usually both prehensile hands & feet forward facing eyes retains the clavicle (collar bone) fused frontal bone no tail IMI less than 100 brachiator anatomy 2:1:2:3 dental formula ischial callositiesarrow_forwardDescribe 4 ways that tend to distinguish each of the following taxonomic groups: all primates from other mammals; strepsirrhines from haplorhines; catarrhines from platyrrhines; colobines from cercopithicoids; hominoids from other primates.arrow_forward
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