12th Edition

ISBN: 9781337915984

Author: Bettelheim

Publisher: Cengage Learning

Concept explainers

The attractive force which has the ability of holding various constituent elements like atoms, ions, molecules, etc. together in different chemical species is termed as a chemical bond. Chemical compounds are dependent on the strength of chemical bonds b…

Polarizability In Organic Chemistry

Polarizability refers to the ability of an atom/molecule to distort the electron cloud of neighboring species towards itself and the process of distortion of electron cloud is known as polarization.

Coordinate Covalent Bonds

A coordinate covalent bond is also known as a dative bond, which is a type of covalent bond. It is formed between two atoms, where the two electrons required to form the bond come from the same atom resulting in a semi-polar bond. The study of coordinate…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 61P

3-77 Ozone, O₃, is an unstable blue gas with a characteristic pungent odor. In an ozone molecule, the connectivity of the atoms is O−O−O and both O−O bonds are equivalent.

(a) How many valence electrons must be present in an acceptable Lewis structure for an ozone molecule?

(b) Write two equivalent resonance contributing structures for ozone. Be certain to show any positive or negative charges that may be present in your contributing structures. By equivalent contributing structures, we mean that each has the same pattern of bonding.

(d) Based on your contributing structures, predict the O−O−O bond angle in ozone.

(e) Explain why the following is not an acceptable contributing structure for an ozone molecule:

Chapter 3, Problem 61P, 3-77 Ozone, O3, is an unstable blue gas with a characteristic pungent odor. In an ozone molecule,

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Chapter 3, Problem 60P

Chapter 3, Problem 62P

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Chapter 3 Solutions

EP INTRO.TO GENERAL,ORGANIC...-OWL ACCE

Ch. 3.1 - Problem 3-1 Show how the following chemical...Ch. 3.3 - Problem 3-2 Judging from their relative positions...Ch. 3.4 - Problem 3-3 Write the formulas for the ionic...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-4 Name these binary ionic compounds: (a)...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5QC Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-6 Give each binary compound a systematic...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-7 Name these ionic compounds, each of...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.8QC Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.9QC Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.10QC

Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.11QC Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.12QC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.13QC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.14QC Ch. 3.9 - Problem 3-15 Predict all bond angles for these...Ch. 3.10 - Problem 3-16 Which of these molecules are polar?...Ch. 3 - 3-17 Answer true or false. (a) The octet rule...Ch. 3 - 3-18 How many electrons must each atom gain or...Ch. 3 - 3-19 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-20 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-21 Write the formula for the most stable ion...Ch. 3 - 3-22 Why is Li- not a stable ion?Ch. 3 - 3-23 Predict which ions are stable: (a) (b) (c)...Ch. 3 - 3-24 Predict which ions are stable: (a) Br2- (b)...Ch. 3 - 3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form...Ch. 3 - 3-26 Table 3-2 shows the following ions of copper:...Ch. 3 - 3-27 Answer true or false. (a) For Group lA and...Ch. 3 - 3-28 Name each polyatomic ion. (a) HCO3- (b) NO2-...Ch. 3 - 3-29 Answer true or false. (a) According to the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14P Ch. 3 - 3-31 Why does electronegativity generally increase...Ch. 3 - 3-32 Judging from their relative positions in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17P Ch. 3 - 3-34 Which of these bonds is the most polar? The...Ch. 3 - 3-35 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-36 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-37 Answer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is...Ch. 3 - 3-38 Complete the chart by writing formulas for...Ch. 3 - 3-39 Write a formula for the ionic compound formed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24P Ch. 3 - 3-41 Describe the structure of sodium chloride in...Ch. 3 - 3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these...Ch. 3 - 3-43 Write the formula for the compound formed...Ch. 3 - 3-44 Write the formula for the ionic compound...Ch. 3 - 3-45 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-46 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-47 Answer true or false. (a) The name of a...Ch. 3 - 3-48 Potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33P Ch. 3 - 3-50 Name the polyatomic ion(s) in each compound....Ch. 3 - 3-51 Write the formulas for the ions present in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36P Ch. 3 - 3-53 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - 3-54 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39P Ch. 3 - 3-56 How many covalent bonds are normally formed...Ch. 3 - 3-57 What is: (a) A single bond? (b) A double...Ch. 3 - 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43P Ch. 3 - Prob. 44P Ch. 3 - Prob. 45P Ch. 3 - Prob. 46P Ch. 3 - 3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine...Ch. 3 - 3-64 Acetylene (C2H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 49P Ch. 3 - 3-66 Why can’t second-row elements have more than...Ch. 3 - 3-67 Why does nitrogen have three bonds and one...Ch. 3 - 3-68 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 53P Ch. 3 - 3-70 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 55P Ch. 3 - Prob. 56P Ch. 3 - Prob. 57P Ch. 3 - 3-74 Answer true or false. (a) A binary covalent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 59P Ch. 3 - Prob. 60P Ch. 3 - 3-77 Ozone, O3, is an unstable blue gas with a...Ch. 3 - 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a...Ch. 3 - 3-79 Answer true or false. (a) The letters VSEPR...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64P Ch. 3 - Prob. 65P Ch. 3 - 3-82 Hydrogen and nitrogen combine in different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 67P Ch. 3 - Prob. 68P Ch. 3 - Prob. 69P Ch. 3 - Prob. 70P Ch. 3 - 3-87 Consider the molecule boron trffluoride, BF3....Ch. 3 - Prob. 72P Ch. 3 - 3-89 Is it possible for a molecule to have no...Ch. 3 - Prob. 74P Ch. 3 - Prob. 75P Ch. 3 - Prob. 76P Ch. 3 - Prob. 77P Ch. 3 - Prob. 78P Ch. 3 - Prob. 79P Ch. 3 - Prob. 80P Ch. 3 - Prob. 81P Ch. 3 - Prob. 82P Ch. 3 - 3-99 Knowing what you do about covalent bonding in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 84P Ch. 3 - Prob. 85P Ch. 3 - Prob. 86P Ch. 3 - Prob. 87P Ch. 3 - Prob. 88P Ch. 3 - 3-105 Consider the structure of Vitamin E shown...Ch. 3 - 3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown...Ch. 3 - 3-107 Ephedrine, a molecule at one time found in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 92P Ch. 3 - 3-109 Until several years ago, the two...Ch. 3 - 3-110 Name and write the formula for the fluorine...Ch. 3 - Prob. 95P Ch. 3 - Prob. 96P Ch. 3 - Prob. 97P Ch. 3 - Prob. 98P Ch. 3 - Prob. 99P Ch. 3 - Prob. 100P Ch. 3 - Prob. 101P Ch. 3 - Prob. 102P Ch. 3 - 3-119 Perchloroethylene, which is a liquid at room...Ch. 3 - 3-120 Vinyl chloride is the starting material for...Ch. 3 - 3-121 Tetrafluoroethylene is the starting material...Ch. 3 - 3-122 Some of the following structural formulas...Ch. 3 - 3-123 Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has found wide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 108P Ch. 3 - Prob. 109P Ch. 3 - Prob. 110P Ch. 3 - Prob. 111P Ch. 3 - Prob. 112P Ch. 3 - Consider the structure of Fluoxetine (or Prozac)...Ch. 3 - Consider the structure of lipoic acid shown below,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 115P

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Solution Summary: The author explains how to determine the number of valence electrons required for an acceptable Lewis structure of Ozone.

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