The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions. Concept introduction: Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion. The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place. In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability. The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is . Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion. To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Question

> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

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> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

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Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 44PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 22

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Answer 23

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Answer 24

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Answer 27

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Answer 28

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Answer 33

Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 3.2 - All of the following acid-base reactions are...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2PTS Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3ATS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 4PTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 5ATS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 7PTS

Chapter 3 Solutions