The proof that the test tubes contain three different chemical compounds should be given. Also, the minimumnumber of melting points needed to proof that should be determined. Concept introduction: Temperature at which an element changes from the solid state to the liquid state is known as melting point or sometimes liquefaction point. At the melting point, both solid and liquid phase coexist in equilibrium. It depends on the pressure and is normally defined at the standard pressure ( 1 atm ) . Mixed melting point is a techniquethat is used to identify chemical compounds. It is used when a substance of known identity and melting point is mixed with another unknown substance to calculate its melting point.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

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Chapter 3, Problem 3Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The proof that the test tubes contain three different chemical compounds should be given. Also, the minimumnumber of melting points needed to proof that should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Temperature at which an element changes from the solid state to the liquid state is known as melting point or sometimes liquefaction point. At the melting point, both solid and liquid phase coexist in equilibrium. It depends on the pressure and is normally defined at the standard pressure (1 atm).

Mixed melting point is a techniquethat is used to identify chemical compounds. It is used when a substance of known identity and melting point is mixed with another unknown substance to calculate its melting point.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

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