ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SAPLING ACCESS + ETEX
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SAPLING ACCESS + ETEX
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319306977
Author: LOUDON
Publisher: INTER MAC
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.51AP
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The first and second ionization equations of the malonic acid are to be stated with the pKa value of each ionization.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value of the acid is known as acid dissociation constant. It tells about the extent of dissociation of acid. Lower is the pKa value of the acid, higher is the extent of dissociation of the acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The ionization state of the malonic acid is to be stated at pH=4.3.

Concept introduction:

The pKa of the acid represents the pH at which the acid will be found in the protonated form or dissociated form. The acid is found in the dissociated form in the pH range equal to pKa1 to pKa+1.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of moles of base per mole of malonic acid required to adjust the pH=4.3 is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The pKa of the acid represents the pH at which the acid will be found in the protonated form or dissociated form. The acid is found in the dissociated form in the pH range equal to pKa1 to pKa+1.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the first pKa of malonic acid is much lower than the pKa of acetic acid, but the second pKa of malonic acid is much higher than the pKa of acetic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value of the acid is known as acid dissociation constant. It tells about the extent of dissociation of acid. Lower is the pKa value of the acid, higher is the extent of dissociation of the acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

An explanation as to how the difference between the first and second pKa values of the dicarboxylic acid changes with the increase in the value of n is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value of the acid is known as acid dissociation constant. It tells about the extent of dissociation of acid. Lower is the pKa value of the acid, higher is the extent of dissociation of the acid.

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1) Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths in the Lyman and Paschen series. 2) Calculate the ionization energy of He* and L2+ ions in their ground states. 3) Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron emitted upon irradiation of a H-atom in ground state by a 50-nm radiation.
Calculate the ionization energy of He+ and Li²+ ions in their ground states. Thannnxxxxx sirrr Ahehehehehejh27278283-4;*; shebehebbw $+$;$-;$-28283773838 hahhehdva
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