
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The molecular formula of dimethyl phthalate
Concept introduction:
An empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a molecule. The molecular formula tells the exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
Following are the steps to determine the empirical formula of a compound when the masses of
Step 1: One mole of
The formula to calculate the mass of carbon in the sample is as follows:
The formula to calculate the moles of hydrogen in the sample when the mass of
The formula to calculate the mass of hydrogen in the sample is as follows:
Step 2: If the sample contains any other element X, then calculate the mass of element X as follows:
Step 3: Divide mass of element X by its molar mass to convert the mass to moles. The formula to calculate moles from the mass is as follows:
Step 4: The number of moles of the elements is the fractional amounts, thus, write the calculated amount
Step 5: Convert the moles of each element to the whole number subscripts. The steps for this math conversion are as follows:
(a) Each subscript is divided by the smallest subscript.
(b) If the whole number is not obtained after division, multiply the obtained subscripts by the smallest integer. This gives the empirical formula of the compound.
Step 6: Add the molar mass of each element multiplied by its number of atoms present in the empirical formula to obtain the empirical formula mass for the compound.
Step 7: Divide the molar mass of the compound by its empirical formula mass to obtain the whole number. The formula to calculate the whole number multiple is as follows:
Step 8: Multiply the whole number with the subscript of each element present in the empirical formula. This gives the molecular formula of the compound.

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Chapter 3 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual For Silberberg Chemistry: The Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change With Advanced Topics
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