
Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds.
Interpretation: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Two species are said to exhibit structural isomerism when they have the same molecular formula but they differ in structural arrangement.
(b)
To determine: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds.
Interpretation: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Two species are said to exhibit structural isomerism when they have the same molecular formula but they differ in structural arrangement.
(c)
To determine: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds.
Interpretation: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Two species are said to exhibit structural isomerism when they have the same molecular formula but they differ in structural arrangement.
(d)
To determine: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds.
Interpretation: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Two species are said to exhibit structural isomerism when they have the same molecular formula but they differ in structural arrangement.
(e)
To determine: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds.
Interpretation: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Two species are said to exhibit structural isomerism when they have the same molecular formula but they differ in structural arrangement.
(f)
To determine: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds.
Interpretation: The compounds that represent the same structure and the compounds that represent the different structure among the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Two species are said to exhibit structural isomerism when they have the same molecular formula but they differ in structural arrangement.
(g)
To determine: The name of the structures given in part (a), (c), (e) and (f).
Interpretation: The name of the structures given in part (a), (c), (e) and (f).is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The rules for the naming of cycloalkanes are stated below.
- If two different cycloalkanes are present then the one with the more number of carbon atoms act as the parent chain.
- If the side chain has more number of carbon atoms then it act as the parent chain and the cyclic group becomes the substituent and is ended with the word”-yl”.
- The numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents groups occupy the lowest position.
- If different types of substituent groups are present then they are written in an alphabetical order.
- If a substituent is present more than one time then prefixes like di, tri, tetra are used depending on the number of times that particular substituent group appears in the given compound.
- If geometrical isomerism is possible in the given compound then cis and trans is used before the name of the compound.
The rules for the naming of
- Firstly the longest carbon chain is chosen and the naming of chain is done accordingly to the number of carbon atoms that are present in the chain.
- Numbering of the chain is done in such a way that the substituent groups are placed at the lowest position.
- Naming of substituent groups is done by the replacing of –ane with –yl.
- If different types of substituent groups are present then they are written in an alphabetical order.
- If a substituent is present more than one time then prefixes like di, tri, tetra are used depending on the number of times that particular substituent group appears in the chain.

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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
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