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OWLv2 for Ebbing/Gammon's General Chemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305673939
Author: Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.106QP
A titanium ore contains rutile (TiO2) plus some iron oxide and silica. When it is heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine, titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, is formed.
Titanium tetrachloride, a liquid, can be distilled from the mixture. If 35.4 g of titanium tetrachloride is recovered from 18.1 g of crude ore, what is the mass percentage of TiO2 in the ore (assuming all TiO2 reacts)?
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 3 Solutions
OWLv2 for Ebbing/Gammon's General Chemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the formula weights of the following...Ch. 3.1 - For the following compounds, write the molecular...Ch. 3.2 - a. What is the mass in grams of a calcium atom,...Ch. 3.2 - Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is a colorless liquid. A...Ch. 3.2 - Nitric acid, HNO3, is a colorless, corrosive...Ch. 3.2 - Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a volatile, colorless...Ch. 3.2 - You have 1.5 moles of tricycles. a How many moles...Ch. 3.3 - Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, which is prepared from...Ch. 3.3 - How many grams of nitrogen, N, are there in a...Ch. 3.4 - A 3.87-mg sample of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)...
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.2CCCh. 3.5 - A sample of compound weighing 83.5 g contains 33.4...Ch. 3.5 - Benzoic acid is a white, crystalline powder used...Ch. 3.5 - The percentage composition of acetaldehyde is...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.3CCCh. 3.6 - In an industrial process, hydrogen chloride, HCl,...Ch. 3.7 - Sodium is a soft, reactive metal that instantly...Ch. 3.7 - Sphalerite is a zinc sulfide (ZnS) mineral and an...Ch. 3.7 - The British chemist Joseph Priestley prepared...Ch. 3.7 - The main reaction of a charcoal grill is C(s) +...Ch. 3.8 - Solid ReO3 is a material that is an extremely good...Ch. 3.8 - Aluminum chloride, AlCl3, is used as a catalyst in...Ch. 3.8 - In an experiment, 7.36 g of zinc was heated with...Ch. 3.8 - New industrial plants for acetic acid react liquid...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.6CCCh. 3 - What is the difference between a formula weight...Ch. 3 - Describe in words how to obtain the formula weight...Ch. 3 - One mole of N2 contains how many N2 molecules? How...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.4QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5QPCh. 3 - A substance has the molecular formula C6H12O2....Ch. 3 - Hydrogen peroxide has the empirical formula HO and...Ch. 3 - Describe in words the meaning of the equation...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.9QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.10QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.11QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.12QPCh. 3 - How many grams of NH3 will have the same number of...Ch. 3 - Which of the following has the largest number of...Ch. 3 - How many atoms are present in 123 g of magnesium...Ch. 3 - Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.17QPCh. 3 - Moles within Moles and Molar Mass Part 1: a How...Ch. 3 - You react nitrogen and hydrogen in a container to...Ch. 3 - Propane, C3H8, is the fuel of choice in a gas...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.21QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.22QPCh. 3 - High cost and limited availability of a reactant...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.24QPCh. 3 - A friend asks if you would be willing to check...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.26QPCh. 3 - Find the formula weights of the following...Ch. 3 - Find the formula weights of the following...Ch. 3 - Calculate the formula weight of the following...Ch. 3 - Calculate the formula weight of the following...Ch. 3 - Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is used as a nitrogen...Ch. 3 - Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is used to make phosphate...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass (in grams) of each of the...Ch. 3 - Diethyl ether, (C2H5)2O, commonly known as ether,...Ch. 3 - Glycerol, C3H8O3, is used as a moistening agent...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass in grams of the following. a...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass in grams of the following. a...Ch. 3 - Boric acid, H3BO3, is a mild antiseptic and is...Ch. 3 - Carbon disulfide, CS2, is a colorless, highly...Ch. 3 - Obtain the moles of substance in the following. a...Ch. 3 - Obtain the moles of substance in the following. a...Ch. 3 - Calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is a white, crystalline...Ch. 3 - A 1.547-g sample of blue copper(II) sulfate...Ch. 3 - Calculate the following. a number of atoms in 8.21...Ch. 3 - Calculate the following. a number of atoms in 25.7...Ch. 3 - Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid used in...Ch. 3 - Chlorine trifluoride is a colorless, reactive gas...Ch. 3 - A 1.680-g sample of coal contains 1.584 g C....Ch. 3 - A 6.01-g aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol...Ch. 3 - Phosphorus oxychloride is the starting compound...Ch. 3 - Ethyl mercaptan is an odorous substance added to...Ch. 3 - A fertilizer is advertised as containing 14.0%...Ch. 3 - Seawater contains 0.0065% (by mass) of bromine....Ch. 3 - A sample of an alloy of aluminum contains 0.0898...Ch. 3 - A sample of gas mixture from a neon sign contains...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage composition for each of...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage composition for each of...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass percentage of each element in...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass percentage of each element in...Ch. 3 - Which contains more carbon, 6.01 g of glucose....Ch. 3 - Which contains more sulfur, 40.8 g of calcium...Ch. 3 - Ethylene glycol is used as an automobile...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.64QPCh. 3 - An oxide of osmium (symbol Os) is a pale yellow...Ch. 3 - An oxide of tungsten (symbol W) is a bright yellow...Ch. 3 - Potassium bromate is a colorless, crystalline...Ch. 3 - Hydroquinone, used as a photographic developer, is...Ch. 3 - Acrylic acid, used in the manufacture of acrylic...Ch. 3 - Malonic acid is used in the manufacture of...Ch. 3 - Two compounds have the same composition: 92.25% C...Ch. 3 - Two compounds have the same composition: 85.62% C...Ch. 3 - Putreseine a substance produced by decaying...Ch. 3 - Compounds of boron with hydrogen are called...Ch. 3 - Oxalic acid is a toxic substance used by laundries...Ch. 3 - Adipic acid is used in the manufacture of nylon....Ch. 3 - Ethylene, C2H4, bums in oxygen to give carbon...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen sulfide gas, H2S, burns in oxygen to give...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.79QPCh. 3 - Ethanol, C2H5OH, burns with the oxygen in air to...Ch. 3 - Iron in the form of fine wire burns in oxygen to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.82QPCh. 3 - Nitric acid, HNO3, is manufactured by the Ostwald...Ch. 3 - White phosphorus, P4, is prepared by fusing...Ch. 3 - Tungsten metal, W, is used to make incandescent...Ch. 3 - Acrylonitrile, C3H3N, is the starting material for...Ch. 3 - The following reaction, depicted using molecular...Ch. 3 - Using the following reaction (depicted using...Ch. 3 - When dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, a white solid, is...Ch. 3 - Copper metal reacts with mine acid. Assume that...Ch. 3 - Potassium superoxide, KO2, is used in rebreathing...Ch. 3 - Solutions of sodium hypochlorite, NaClO, are sold...Ch. 3 - Methanol, CH3OH, is prepared industrially from the...Ch. 3 - Carbon disulfide, CS2, burns in oxygen. Complete...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.95QPCh. 3 - Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is prepared from ammonia,...Ch. 3 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is prepared by...Ch. 3 - Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is prepared...Ch. 3 - Caffeine, the stimulant in coffee and tea, has the...Ch. 3 - Morphine, a narcotic substance obtained from...Ch. 3 - A moth repellent, para-dichlorobenzene, has the...Ch. 3 - Sorbic acid is added to food as a mold inhibitor....Ch. 3 - Thiophene is a liquid compound of the elements C,...Ch. 3 - Aniline, a starting compound for urethane plastic...Ch. 3 - A sample of limestone (containing calcium...Ch. 3 - A titanium ore contains rutile (TiO2) plus some...Ch. 3 - Ethylene oxide, C2H4O, is made by the oxidation of...Ch. 3 - Nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2, an important raw material...Ch. 3 - Zinc metal can be obtained from zinc oxide, ZnO,...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, can be made by a two-step...Ch. 3 - Calcium carbide, CaC2, used to produce acetylene,...Ch. 3 - A mixture consisting of 11.9 g of calcium...Ch. 3 - Alloys, or metallic mixtures, of mercury with...Ch. 3 - A sample of sandstone consists of silica, SiO2,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.115QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.116QPCh. 3 - Exactly 4.0 g of hydrogen gas combines with 32 g...Ch. 3 - Aluminum metal reacts with iron(III) oxide to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.119QPCh. 3 - You perform a combustion analysis on a 255 mg...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.121QPCh. 3 - A 3.0-L sample of paint that has a density of...Ch. 3 - A 12.1-g sample of Na2SO3 is mixed with a 14.6-g...Ch. 3 - Potassium superoxide, KO2, is employed in a...Ch. 3 - Calcium carbonate is a common ingredient in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.126QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.127QPCh. 3 - Copper reacts with nitric acid according to the...Ch. 3 - A sample of methane gas, CH4(g), is reacted with...Ch. 3 - A sample containing only boron and fluorine was...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.131QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.132QPCh. 3 - A 0.500-g mixture of Cu2O and CuO contains 0.425 g...Ch. 3 - A mixture of Fe2O3, and FeO was found to contain...Ch. 3 - Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying molecule of red...Ch. 3 - Penicillin V was treated chemically to convert...Ch. 3 - A 3.41-g sample of a metallic element, M, reacts...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.138QPCh. 3 - An alloy of iron (54.7%), nickel (45.0%), and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.140QPCh. 3 - A power plant is driven by the combustion of a...
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