Pearson eText Principles of Human Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135213001
Author: Cindy Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 3, Problem 28E
As you know, fatty acids can be oxidized to provide energy for making ATP. This process begins with a set of reactions known as the fatty acid oxidation cycle, or beta oxidation. Before entering the cycle, a fatty acid reacts with coenzyme A to form a molecule called fatty acyl CoA. This molecule then enters the cycle and continues to go through it until all its carbons have been eliminated, as shown on the following page. From your examination of this diagram, answer the following questions for a 1 2-carbon fatty acid.
- How many acetyl CoA molecules will be produced by beta oxidation of this fatty acid? How many ATP molecules can be produced from each acetyl CoA molecule that goes through the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation?
- How many NAD+ and FAD molecules will be reduced? (Hint: How many bonds must be broken to split a 12-carbon fatty acid into acetyl CoA molecules?)
- How many ATP molecules will be produced per each NADH + H+ and each FADH2 molecule that provides electrons to the electron transport system?
- It takes two ATP molecules to get the cycle started. Based on this information and your answers to the previous questions, how many ATP molecules can be generated from a 1 2-carbon fatty acid?
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10. Your instructor will give you 2 amino acids during the activity session (video 2-7.
A. First color all the polar and non-polar covalent bonds in the R groups of your 2 amino acids
using the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid.
B. Next, color where all the hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds could
occur in the R group of each amino acid. Use the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds
in the backbone of each amino acid.
C. Position the two amino acids on the page below in an orientation where the two R groups
could bond together. Once you are satisfied, staple or tape the amino acids in place and label
the bond that you formed between the two R groups.
- Polar covalent Bond - Red
- Non polar Covalent boND- yellow
- Ionic BonD - PINK
Hydrogen Bonn - Purple
Hydrophobic interaction-green
O=C-N
H
I.
H
HO
H
=O
CH2
C-C-N
HICK
H
HO
H
CH2
OH
H₂N
C = O
Find the dental formula and enter it in the following format:
I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3 = 42 (this is not the correct number, just the correct format)
Please be aware: the upper jaw is intact (all teeth are present). The bottom jaw/mandible is not intact. The front teeth should include 6 total rectangular teeth (3 on each side) and 2 total large triangular teeth (1 on each side).
Chapter 3 Solutions
Pearson eText Principles of Human Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 3.1 - What is the primary distinction between an...Ch. 3.1 - Describe in general terms what occurs in...Ch. 3.2 - In an exergonic reaction, which has more...Ch. 3.2 - Which factor determines the direction of a...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.3QCCh. 3.2 - What is activation energy? How does it affect a...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.1QCCh. 3.3 - How is the rate of an enzymatic reaction affected...Ch. 3.3 - What is the primary distinction between allosteric...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.4.1QC
Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.4.2QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.4.3QCCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.5.1QCCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.5.2QCCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.5.3QCCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.5.4QCCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.6.1QCCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.6.2QCCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.6.3QCCh. 3 - Prob. 1ECh. 3 - Prob. 2ECh. 3 - Prob. 3ECh. 3 - Prob. 4ECh. 3 - Prob. 5ECh. 3 - Prob. 6ECh. 3 - Prob. 7ECh. 3 - Prob. 8ECh. 3 - Prob. 9ECh. 3 - Prob. 10ECh. 3 - The removal of hydrogen atoms from a molecule is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12ECh. 3 - Prob. 13ECh. 3 - Prob. 14ECh. 3 - Prob. 15ECh. 3 - Prob. 16ECh. 3 - Prob. 17ECh. 3 - Prob. 18ECh. 3 - Prob. 19ECh. 3 - Prob. 20ECh. 3 - Prob. 21ECh. 3 - Prob. 22ECh. 3 - Prob. 23ECh. 3 - Compare and contrast the mechanisms of...Ch. 3 - Explain how the conversion of pyruvate to lactate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26ECh. 3 - Prob. 27ECh. 3 - As you know, fatty acids can be oxidized to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29E
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