Anatomy & Physiology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321861580
Author: Marieb, Elaine N.
Publisher: Pearson College Div
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 21RQ
Contrast the roles of ER-bound ribosomes with those free in the cytosol.
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Free ribosomes in the cytosol and ribosomes bound to the ER membrane have:
1) different types of small subunits but the same large subunits
2) the same types of large and small subunits
3) different types of large and small subunits
4) different types of large subunits the same small subunits
Do ribosomes have two different topolgies? one in the cytosol and one on the outside of the ER or is that the same topolgy?
What would happen if an ER signal sequence was attached to a cytosolic protein?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 3 - Summarize the four key points of the cell theory.Ch. 3 - How would you explain the meaning of a generalized...Ch. 3 - What basic structure do all cellular membranes...Ch. 3 - Why do phospholipids, which form the greater part...Ch. 3 - What is the importance of the glycocalyx in cell...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 3 - What is the energy source for all types of...Ch. 3 - What determines the direction of any diffusion...Ch. 3 - What are the two types of facilitated diffusion...Ch. 3 - What happens when the Na+-K+ pump is...
Ch. 3 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 3 - Which vesicular transport process allows a cell to...Ch. 3 - What process establishes the resting membrane...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15CYUCh. 3 - What term is used to indicate signaling chemicals...Ch. 3 - Which organelle is the major site of ATP...Ch. 3 - What are three organelles involved in protein...Ch. 3 - Compare the functions of lysosomes and...Ch. 3 - How are microtubules and microfilaments related...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21CYUCh. 3 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 3 - If a cell ejects or loses its nucleus, what is its...Ch. 3 - What is the role of nucleoli?Ch. 3 - What is the role of nucleoli?Ch. 3 - If one of the DNA strands being replicated reads...Ch. 3 - During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA...Ch. 3 - What are three events occurring in prophase that...Ch. 3 - Codons and anticodons are both three-base...Ch. 3 - How do the A, P, and E ribosomal sites differ...Ch. 3 - What is the role of DNA in transcription?Ch. 3 - What is the importance of ubiquitin in the life of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33CYUCh. 3 - The smallest unit capable of life by itself is (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RQCh. 3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 3 - The term used to describe the type of solution in...Ch. 3 - Osmosis always involves (a) a selectively...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - Prob. 7RQCh. 3 - The endocytotic process in which a sampling of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9RQCh. 3 - The nuclear substance composed of histone proteins...Ch. 3 - The information sequence that determines the...Ch. 3 - Mutations may be caused by (a) X rays, (b) certain...Ch. 3 - The phase of mitosis during which centrioles each...Ch. 3 - Final preparations for cell division are made...Ch. 3 - The RNA synthesized on one of the DNA strands is...Ch. 3 - The RNA species that travels from the nucleus to...Ch. 3 - If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of...Ch. 3 - A nerve cell and a lymphocyte are presumed to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 19RQCh. 3 - Explain why mitosis can be thought of as cellular...Ch. 3 - Contrast the roles of ER-bound ribosomes with...Ch. 3 - Cells lining the trachea have whiplike motile...Ch. 3 - Name the three phases of interphase and describe...Ch. 3 - Comment on the role of the sodium-potassium pump...Ch. 3 - Differentiate between primary and secondary active...Ch. 3 - Cell division typically yields two daughter cells,...
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- Describe the structure of SRP in eukaryotes, and outline its role intargeting proteins to the ER membrane.arrow_forwardExplain how proteins are inserted into the ER membrane, including the relationship between signal sequences and transmembrane domains. Briefly explain protein folding and quality control processes that occur in the ER, and describe the types of protein glycosylations that occur in the ER and are then modified in the Golgiarrow_forwardUsing the concepts of endo- and exo-cytosis explain the origin of the mitochondria. Include a drawingarrow_forward
- What is the major differences between bacteria that use anaerobic vs aerobic respiration and the difference between the 2 processes? Common feautures in the genomic sequences that control transcription between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Describe some processes of active transport across membranes e g facilitated exocytosis endocytosis active transport?arrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?arrow_forwardList two similarities and two differences between bacterial and eukaryotic regulatory proteinsarrow_forward
- List three potential organelle destinations for a free ribosome (cytosolic-produced) protein via transmembrane protein translocation:arrow_forwardDescribe the source or sources of energy needed for unidirectional translocation across the membrane in (a) cotranslational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); (b) post-translational translocation into the ER; (c) translocation into the mitochondrial matrix.arrow_forwardPhospholipid biosynthesis at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the cytosol presents a number of challenges that must be solved by the cell. Explain how each of the following is handled.a. The substrates for phospholipid biosynthesis are all water soluble, yet the end products are not.b. The immediate site of incorporation of all newly synthesized phospholipids is the cytosolic leaflet of the ER membrane, yet phospholipids must be incorporated into both leaflets.c. Many membrane systems in the cell, such as the plasma membrane, are unable to synthesize their own phospholipids, yet these membranes must also expand if the cell is to grow and divide.arrow_forward
- With regard to cytoskeletal structure and function, describe the molecules involved in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membranearrow_forwardExplain the steps involved in the synthesis of a protein on membrane bound ribosomesarrow_forwardWhich levels of regulation are utilized by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells/organisms? Which levels of regulation are unique to eukaryotic cells and why?arrow_forward
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