Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305117396
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 1DID
Organelles and Cystic Fibrosis
A plasma membrane transport protein called CFTR moves chloride ions out of cells lining cavities and ducts of the lungs, liver, pancreas, intestines, and reproductive system. Water that follows the ions creates a thin film that allows mucus to slide easily through these structures.
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have too few copies of the CFTR protein in the plasma membranes of their cells. Not enough chloride ions leave the cells, and so not enough water leaves them either. The result is thick, dry mucus that clogs the airways to the lungs and other passages. Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chronic lung infections. In 2000, researchers tracked the cellular location of the CFTR protein as it was being produced in cells from people with CF (Figure 3.13).
Figure 3.13 Cellular location of the CFTR protein.
Graph compares the amounts of CFTR protein found in endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles travel in g from ER to Golgi, and Golgi bodies in CF cells and normal cells.
Which organelle contains the least amount of CFTR protein in normal cells? In CF cells?
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Diffusion and osmosis classification
Classify the following characteristics based on whether they are describing diffusion, osmosis, or both.
Diffusion
Results in an
Can occur with
equal
distribution of
solute
molecules
or without a
membrane
Always involves
the movement
of water
Requires a
semi-permeable
membrane
Osmosis
Involves the
movement of
gases, ions,
and small water
soluble
molecules
Passive form of
movement that
requires no
energy
Moves from
areas of high
concentration to
low
Both Diffusion and Osmosis
Responsible for
gas exchange
in the lungs
concentration
A 3 of 15
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Diffusion is incredibly important for the proper functioning of cells. Our question today is whether or not it is diffusion that is the cause of the commonalities between different cells in their size and shape. You will be measuring the rates of diffusion in cell models that are cut into different shapes and sizes
Simple and facilitated diffusion differ because _____________.
simple diffusion requires the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, while facilitated diffusion does not
ions being transported by simple diffusion move against their electrochemical gradients, while ions being transported by facilitated diffusion move along their electrochemical gradients
3.facilitated diffusion requires the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, while simple diffusion does not
4. ions being transported by simple diffusion move along their electrochemical gradients, while ions being transported by facilitated diffusion move against their electrochemical gradients
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1FIOCh. 3 - Organelles and Cystic Fibrosis A plasma membrane...Ch. 3 - Organelles and Cystic Fibrosis A plasma membrane...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3DIDCh. 3 - All cells have these three things in common: a....Ch. 3 - Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells...Ch. 3 - Every cell is descended from another cell. This...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SQCh. 3 - True or false? Some protists start out life with...Ch. 3 - Cell membranes consist mainly of ________ and...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - In a lipid bilayer, the of all the lipid molecules...Ch. 3 - The main function of the endomembrane system is...Ch. 3 - Enzymes contained in __________ break down...Ch. 3 - Put the following structures in order according to...Ch. 3 - No animal cell has a ______. a. plasma membrane b....Ch. 3 - Prob. 13SQCh. 3 - Prob. 14SQCh. 3 - Match each cell component with its main function.Ch. 3 - In a classic episode of Star Trek, a gigantic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CTCh. 3 - What type of micrograph is shown below? Is the...
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- Being an integral membrane protein is critical to the function of which of the following protein complexes? Select all that apply. There is a minimum of one and a maximum of eight correct answers. Dynein Tubulin Integrin Complex III of the electron transport chain Collagen Aquaporinarrow_forwardTrue or False? The selective permeability of the plasma membrane allows all substances to pass through the membrane, ensuring that the inside of the cell is in constant interaction with its external environment.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct? Explain your answers. The plasma membrane is highly impermeable to all charged molecules. Channels have specific binding pockets for the solute molecules they allow to pass. Transporters allow solutes to cross a membrane at much faster rates than do channels. Certain H+ pumps are fueled by light energy. The plasma membrane of many animal cells contains open K+ channels, yet the K+ concentration in the cytosol is much higher than outside the cell. A symport would function as an antiport if its orientation in the membrane were reversed (i.e., if the portion of the molecule normally exposed to the cytosol faced the outside of the cell instead). The membrane potential of an axon temporarily becomes more negative when an action potential excites it.arrow_forward
- In figure 4-7 why does facilitated diffusion have a maximum rate of diffusion? arrow_forwardTONICITY DRAG THE WORDS INTO THE BLANK SPACES BELOW TO ACCURATELY COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH Hypotonic Osmosis water Swell Cell wall animal cell plant cell Facilitated Stay the same Hypertonic Diffusion Isotonic Shrink A Let's put both cells into Solution B. Because Solution B is hypertonic to the cytoplasms of the cells, we would expect water to the cells through the process of This would result in the cytoplasm of both cells shrinking. Now we'll put both the plant and the animal cell into Solution C, which, because it contains no solutes at all, is to the cytoplasm of both cells. will enter both cells through osmosis. The animal cell is likely to unfortunately. The plant cell, however, is protected from this because of the presence of its which is lacking in the animal cell.arrow_forwardCell membrane and Hyaline membrane disease Cell membrane diseases are life-threatening diseases that are genetic in nature and usually acts against the proteins in our bodies that are the key to ion channels and various receptors within the membrane. Hyaline membrane disease or Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is one of the cell membrane disease. Is commonly associates with preterm infants. Hyaline membrane disease affects the lungs at the time of birth. It causes respiratory distress. Symptoms of this disease are bluish tint of the skin, rapid od shallow breathing, fast heart rate as in the case of heart rhythm disorder, reduced urine output and flaring sound while breathing. There are some treatments for this disease that to check the color of the skin and breathing pattern of the body, to check the echocardiography for any heart problems, to do the X-ray the lungs to check the formation of glasslike layer, and blood gas tests. this part provide an alternative disease that…arrow_forward
- Which of the followings is not true about the function of the Tight Junctions? (LO- K8) They hold the cells together They act as a barrier They help maintain cell polarity They prevent lateral diffusion of proteins, ions, molecules They play an important role in maintaining the blood brain barrier They connect the adjacent cells intercellularly to the intermediate cytoskeletal filamentsarrow_forwardThe reason ions such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+ diffuse across plasma membranes more rapidly than would be expected across a lipid membrane is that their negative charge causes them to dissolve in the polar lipids in the membrane ions diffuse through polar lipids more readily than non-charged particles do their positive charge causes them to dissolve in the polar lipids in the membrane there are proteins that form channels through which these ions can more readily passarrow_forwardFrom the image provided. Explain whether any ions can traverse the plasma membrane. If your answer is “yes,” which ions traverse from the extracellular space to the intracellular space and vice versa. Explain your rationale.arrow_forward
- Please send me answer of this question immediately and i will give you like sure sir.pls match the following and with explanation.match all 5.arrow_forwardType of Transport Direction Energy Movement Molecules Do molecules Does the cell| Does it move What type of move from use energy molecules molecules high to low to transport through the move concentration, molecules lipid bilayer through the or low to high this way? or through membrane in concentration? proteins? this way? Diffusion Passive Osmosis Transport Facilitated Diffusion Protein Pump Passive Exоcytosis Transport Endocytosis A. Match each of the following terms with their definitions. Write the letters only. A. The substance that dissolves other Solute substances (e.g. water). B. When the concentration of solute Solvent is higher on the side of the membrane in question than the other.arrow_forwardHC CH reaction with HC CH lysosome CH CH HC CH3 HC CH3 HC CH HC. CH CH3 CH3 ОН OH inside the cell, propranolol sometimes encounters lysosomes, which alter its NH group as shown above (right). reacting with the lysosomes, propranolol becomes trapped inside the cell and can cause psoriasis or other inflammatory side effects. Use IMFS to explain why the altered propranolol gets trapped. Tarrow_forward
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