As newly appointed “Energy Czar.” your goal is to reduce the total demand for residential heating fuel in your state. You must choose one of three legislative proposals designed to accomplish this goal: (a) a tax that would effectively increase the
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- The Senate committee is working on tax reform for telecommunications services in the USA. After deregulation, the telecom market has become very competitive and the high telecom tax rate (25%) reduces business growth. Estimates indicate that the current monthly demand for telecom services is given by Q^d=300-4P and the market supply is Q^s=3P-120P (both in millions), where P is the monthly price of telecom services. The Commission plans tax reform that would cut a tax rate to 15%, leading to a new supply function Q^s=4P-60. How much will the customer save on average during a month as a result of the proposed legislation? How will tax revenues change?arrow_forwardThe graph below shows the short- and long-run supply (Ssr, Slr) and demand (Dsr, Dlr) curves for water in a metropolitan water district. The price ceiling, Pceil, is currently set to be nonbinding. Adjust the ceiling by repositioning the Pceil line to a price that leads to a short- run shortage of 2.1 million cubic feet per month. To refer to the graphing tutorial for this question type, please click here. Price ($ per 100 cubic feet) 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 ● 0 2.8 3 6 B T 1 1 1 I I 24 28 B 4244 O ….…….…….…... Ssr Sir Pceil Dir Dsrarrow_forwardThe short-run demand and supply elasticities for crude oil are -0.076 and 0.088, respectively. The current price per barrel is $30 and the short-run equilibrium quantity is 23.84 million barrels per year. What will be the effects on the market price and quantity if the government decides to purchase (and store away) an additional 2 million barrels of oil? Assume that the additional consumption of oil by the government results in a parallel shift of the supply curve to the left by 2 million barrels per day What could be the economic rationale for buying and storing oil?arrow_forward
- Realizing that there is a great potential for increased tax revenue, government officials in Homeyville began discussing how they could align Airbnb rentals with hotel stays from a tax perspective. Fast-forward to 2018, at which time Homeyville has finally made tax arrangements with Airbnb to levy a $40-per-room tax on rentals. However, now the market conditions have changed. More hosts have now entered the Airbnb market, and awareness of this hotel alternative has increased demand. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for Airbnb rentals in 2018. Use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to illustrate the area representing the revenue raised by a $40-per-room tax. Then use the black point (cross symbol) to shade the area representing the deadweight loss generated by this tax. PRICE (Dollars per rental) 200 190 180 Demand 2018 Tax Wedge 170 + 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 0 + 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 RENTALS (Rooms per day) Supply 2018 320 360 400 Tax Revenue…arrow_forwardConsumers' Surplus The demand function for a certain make of replacement cartridges for a water purifier is given by the following equation where p is the unit price in dollars and x is the quantity demanded each week, measured in units of a thousand. p = -0.01x? - 0.2x + 26 Determine the consumers' surplus if the market price is set at $2/cartridge. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)arrow_forwardPaper cups are popular items for schools and are produced in the market. There are equations for the Supply and Inverse Demand of paper cups that model its Supply and Demand graph. These equations are (for supply), P = 2 + 3Qs, and (for Inverse Demand), P = 12 - 2Qd. Likewise, paper cups are inexpensive and not very helpful for companies trying to achieve high profits. As a result, the government placed a price support of $9. (Part I) Draw the market equilibrium with the government intervention (Q**, P**) of the price ceiling. Please label the graph for slopes, equilibrium points, price support, etc. (Part II) What is the market equilibrium with the intervention of the government (Q**, P**)? (Part III) What is the government surplus (GS**)? (Part IV) What is the Dead Weight Loss (DWL**)?arrow_forward
- Suppose the supply and demand equations for a manufacturer's product are p 3 -g + 6 100 1 and p ng + 14, respectively, where q represents number of units and p represents price per unit in dollars. If a tax of $1.00 per unit is imposed on the manufacturer, determine the equilibrium quantity and the equilibrium price.arrow_forwardThe tax-inclusive price of a carton of cigarettes in Canada is $100 per carton. Per capita consumption is 10 cartons. Federal and provincial taxes are currently $50 per carton. Suppose the two levels of government wish to increase the cigarette tax by 20 percent. If the price elasticity of demand is -0.25, what is the additional per capita tax revenue that the two levels of government can expect to collect?arrow_forwardThe freezing cold spell at the beginning of 2010 not only increased demand for road salt, (see the additional case study for chapter 6) but it increased demand for gas in the UK. Usage reached 454 cubic metres; the previous record was 449m set in January 2003. The National Grid which is responsible for energy in the UK issued several warnings in a matter of days that demand could outstrip supply and asked supplier so increase the supply. The National Grid also told major gas users, such as power plants, to reduce demand. Big generators, such as E.On, have both gas-fired and coal-fired power stations and are able to choose between the two. In total, 27 large gas users were asked to switch - 12 in the East Midlands and 15 in the North West. Questions Discuss the effect of the cold spell on the demand for gas using a demand curve diagram. Discuss the effect of the National Grid instructing major gas users to reduce their demand.arrow_forward
- In Question 5 (and potentially in Question 6), your analysis considered a price ceiling at a price lower than the final market equilibrium price (P2) determined in Question 3. For this question, assume that government policymakers in some U.S. states and several European countries, aware of the higher prices as shown in Question 3, have agreed to subsidize consumers to protect them from the rapid growth in energy costs. Energy markets, such as the market for natural gas and electricity, have been known to be characterized by inelastic demand. However, recent research discussed in the August 25, 2022 issue of The Economist, indicates that while the responsiveness of quantity demanded in response to price changes indeed is “inelastic” (i.e., the absolute value of price elasticity of demand is still less than 1), the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a change in price is much larger than earlier research indicated. Answer these narrative questions. No graphs are…arrow_forwardFlorida, like several other states, has passed a law that prohibits “price gouging” immediately before, during, or after the declaration of a state of emergency. Price gouging is defined as “selling necessary commodities such as food, gas, ice, oil, and lumber at a price that grossly exceeds the average selling price for the 30 days prior to the emergency.” Many consumers attempt to stock up on emergency supplies, such as bottled water, immediately before and after a hurricane or other natural disaster hits an area. Also, many supply shipments to retailers are interrupted during a natural disaster. Assuming that the law is strictly enforced, what are the economic effects of the price gouging statute? Explain carefully.arrow_forwardRubber for erasers is produced in the market. There are equations for the Supply and Inverse Demand of eraser rubber that model its Supply and Demand graph. These equations are (for supply), P = 20 + Qs, and (for Inverse Demand), P = 80 - Qd. With that said, the government realizes that it is not turning out enough revenue from the market. As a result, it places a per-unit sales tax of $10. (Part I) Draw the market equilibrium with the government intervention (Q**, PD**, and PS**) of the sales tax. Please label the graph for slopes, equilibrium points, sales tax, etc. (Part II) What is the market equilibrium without the intervention of the government? (Part III) The government once again realizes that the previous tax was not sufficient, and the government is still not making enough money. So, it increases the sales from $10 to $20. Consequently, what is the new market equilibrium point (Q**, PD**, and PS**) with this new intervention? It is not necessary to label this point on the…arrow_forward