Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 17CTQ
In the context of cell biology, what do we mean by form follows function? What are a least two examples of this concept?
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Why is it an advantage for eukaryotic cells to have different compartments (aka organelles) in the cell (separated
by membranes) with different environments (ex: different pH’s, different enzymes present, etc)?
To get an idea of the different sizes of various cellular components, do the following calculations: Assume that the cell, its nucleus, and a globular protein – for example, and enzyme – are spherical. In addition, assume the diameter of the protein is 5 nm (nanometers), the diameter of the cell is 100 μm (micrometers), and the diameter of the nucleus is 40 μm. You may have to review your metric conversions!
If you draw the globular protein as a sphere with a diameter of 2 cm (approximately the diameter of a U.S. penny), what size would each of the following measurements of the cell be if drawn to the same scale (5 nm real length = 2 cm)?
a. The radius of a microtubule, 15 nm
b. The diameter of the nucleus
c. The diameter of the cell
d. The volume (V = 4/3 ∏r3) of the globular protein, in decimal form to the hundredths place.
e. The volume of the nucleus
f. The volume of the cell
What are polycistronic with examples?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 3 - Figure 3.7 What structures does a plant cell have...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.13 Why does the cis face of the Golgi not...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.22 A doctor injects a patient with what...Ch. 3 - When viewing a specimen through a light...Ch. 3 - The ____________ is the basic unit of life. a....Ch. 3 - Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes...Ch. 3 - A typical prokaryotic cell ________ compared to a...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 3 - Which plasma membrane component can be either...
Ch. 3 - The tails of the phospholipids of the plasma...Ch. 3 - Water moves via osmosis _______. a. throughout the...Ch. 3 - The principal force driving movement in diffusion...Ch. 3 - Active transport must function continuously...Ch. 3 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 3 - Describe the structures that are characteristic of...Ch. 3 - In the context of cell biology, what do we mean by...Ch. 3 - Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be...Ch. 3 - Why does osmosis occur?Ch. 3 - Where does the cell get energy for active...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain how can one predict the number of transmembrane domains (TM helices) in an integral membrane protein. Note: For the above question, I only seek for an original answer no more than six sentences.arrow_forwardIn 1970, Frye and Edidin published research describing the mobility of plasma membrane proteins. They fused mouse and human cells together, creating a hybrid cell, and then examined the localization of mouse and human proteins over time. Initially mouse and human proteins were each restricted to one-half of the heterokaryon, but over time the mouse and human proteins mixed, with each being present over the entire cell surface. What technique did Frye and Edidin likely use to examine the mouse and human proteins? Choose one: O A. interference contrast light microscopy B. transmission electron microscopy O C. fluorescence microscopy O D. scanning electron microscopyarrow_forwardIn the eukaryotic cell, the members of the endomembrane system work together to synthesize protein products used for excretion out of the cell (e.g. insulin, milk etc.) and for use within the cell (e.g. lysosomes etc.). Explain in detail the correct sequence of steps and processes involved. 200 word minimum.arrow_forward
- The following image is based on real results from an influential experiment in cell biology. This experiment studied the role of the proteins Ran and importin in nuclear protein transport. The experiment used flourescently-labeled proteins containing a nuclear localization sequence (the "substrate"). Ran, importin, and GTP were either present or absent, as indicated in the figure. Cells were exposed to these different conditions and then analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Circles are the cells' nuclei. Very light circles are the nuclei without the substrate attached. Study the figure below and then answer the questions that follow. 1. What actions does Ran perform by itself? 2. What actions does importin perform by itself? 3. How do Ran and importin act together in the nuclear import of protein? 4. Why is GTP required?arrow_forwardUsing the space below, draw a model (picture, representation) of a cross-section of a cell membrane, including and labeling the following elements: a. Phospholipid bilayer, noting hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails b. Cholesterol c. Integral membrane proteins (include 1 glycoprotein and label the carbohydrate) d. Peripheral membrane proteins Describe how integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins are different in your own words, and include in your description what type of amino acids you might find on these proteins.arrow_forwardA typical human hepatocyte (liver cell), a widely studied eukaryotic cell, has a diameter of about 20 μm. Calculate the volume of both a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. To appreciate the magnitude of the size difference between the two cell types, estimate how many bacterial cells would fit inside the liver cell. (Hint: Use the expression V = πr 2h for the volume of a cylinder and V = (4/3)π r 3 .arrow_forward
- What are monocistronic with examples?arrow_forwardWhy are the lengths of the cells usually approximated when we record their values for length?arrow_forwardWhich of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize nucleotides and nucleic acids? HCO3- (bicarbonate) Ca2+ (calcium) PO43- (phosphate) Na+ (sodium) K+ (potassium)arrow_forward
- If you are asked to synthesize a cell using only five parts, what parts will you include to ensure that it can live. Why will you include each?arrow_forwardNow assume that the protein you are making is one that is not destined to be secreted into the extracellular space, but instead is meant to function within the cytoplasm. How will the synthesis of these types of protein be different? Why?arrow_forwardCadherin molecules are adhesion molecules found on the cell surface. These molecules are often clustered side-to-side to create a form of molecular Velcro that attaches one cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. In the following drawings, two cells are initially attached via such a Velcro. When one of the cells moves in either of three different ways (A to C), it is faced with a mechanical resistance from the cadherin interactions. The resistance against which type of movement do you think is the weakest? Two neighboring cells D. The cell moves away from its neighbor A. Two neighboring cells B. The cell moves away from its neighbor OC. The cell slides past its neighbor D. The cell rolls over its neighbor The cell slides past its neighbor C The cell rolls over its neighborarrow_forward
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